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Abstract
Anemia pada remaja putri merupakan salah satu permasalahan kesehatan masyarakat yang masih tinggi prevalensinya di Indonesia. Kondisi ini umumnya disebabkan oleh rendahnya asupan zat besi, kurangnya pengetahuan tentang gizi mikro, serta minimnya kesadaran untuk melakukan deteksi dini terhadap gejala anemia. Anemia yang tidak ditangani dengan baik dapat berdampak serius pada perkembangan fisik, kognitif, dan produktivitas remaja, termasuk menurunnya prestasi belajar dan meningkatnya risiko komplikasi kesehatan reproduksi di masa mendatang. Sebagai respon terhadap kondisi tersebut, program pengabdian masyarakat bertajuk “Cermin Diri” dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran, kemampuan deteksi dini, serta pemahaman gizi mikro di kalangan remaja putri melalui pendekatan edukatif dan partisipatif. Program ini dilaksanakan di SMK Islam PERTI Jakarta dengan melibatkan siswi kelas X dan XI sebagai peserta utama. Metode pelaksanaan mencakup sesi edukasi interaktif mengenai anemia dan gizi seimbang, pelatihan penggunaan alat self-screening sederhana untuk deteksi anemia mandiri, serta diskusi kelompok untuk memperkuat pemahaman dan komitmen terhadap gaya hidup sehat. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan peserta mengenai anemia dan nutrisi mikro, serta tumbuhnya kesadaran terhadap pentingnya deteksi dini dan perbaikan pola makan. Para peserta juga menunjukkan antusiasme dalam menggunakan alat self-screening dan menyampaikan komitmen untuk menerapkan pengetahuan yang diperoleh dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Program ini menunjukkan potensi besar sebagai model edukasi kesehatan yang efektif dan dapat direplikasi di sekolah-sekolah lain untuk mencegah anemia pada remaja putri.
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References
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References
Bandura, A. (2004). Health promotion by social cognitive means. Health Education & Behavior, 31(2), 143–164. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198104263660
Beard, J. L., & Connor, J. R. (2003). Iron status and neural functioning. Annual Review of Nutrition, 23(1), 41–58. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.23.011702.073139
Black, R. E., Victora, C. G., Walker, S. P., Bhutta, Z. A., Christian, P., de Onis, M., … & Uauy, R. (2013). Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries. The Lancet, 382(9890), 427–451. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60937-X
Bruner, A. B., Joffe, A., Duggan, A. K., Casella, J. F., & Brandt, J. (1996). Randomised study of cognitive effects of iron supplementation in non-anaemic iron-deficient adolescent girls. The Lancet, 348(9033), 992–996. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(96)03407-5
Chen, X., Orom, H., Hay, J. L., Waters, E. A., & Schofield, E. (2019). Self-assessment and cancer risk perception. Preventive Medicine Reports, 13, 200–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.01.006
Freire, P. (1973). Education for critical consciousness. New York: Continuum.
Ghosh, S. (2020). Exploring socioeconomic vulnerability of anemia among women in India. Journal of Biosocial Science, 52(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021932018000245
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2018). Riskesdas 2018: Laporan Nasional. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan.
Lozoff, B., Beard, J., Connor, J., Barbara, F., Georgieff, M., & Schallert, T. (2006). Long-lasting neural and behavioral effects of iron deficiency in infancy. Nutrition Reviews, 64(5 Pt 2), S34–S43. https://doi.org/10.1301/nr.2006.may.S34-S43
McLean, E., Cogswell, M., Egli, I., Wojdyla, D., & de Benoist, B. (2009). Worldwide prevalence of anaemia, WHO Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System, 1993–2005. Public Health Nutrition, 12(4), 444–454. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980008002401
Osei, A., Pandey, P., Spiro, D., Nielson, J., Shrestha, R., Talukder, Z., Quinn, V., & Haselow, N. (2017). Combining education and supplements for reducing anemia. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 13(4), e12336. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12336
Ramakrishnan, U., Yip, R., & Martorell, R. (2012). Iron deficiency in women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 85(2), 446S–452S. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/85.2.446S
Soekarjo, D., & de Pee, S. (2016). Addressing anemia in young children and women of reproductive age in Indonesia: Priorities, policies, and programs. Nutrients, 8(6), 385. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8060385
Stoltzfus, R. J., & Dreyfuss, M. L. (1998). Guidelines for the use of iron supplements to prevent and treat iron deficiency anemia. Washington DC: ILSI Press.
Thomas, D., Chandra, J., Sharma, S., Jain, A., & Pemde, H. (2015). Determinants of nutritional anemia in adolescents. Indian Pediatrics, 52(10), 867–869. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13312-015-0746-6
UNICEF. (2020). Adolescent anaemia: A hidden crisis in global health. https://www.unicef.org/reports/adolescent-anaemia
World Health Organization (WHO). (2021). Nutritional anaemias: Tools for effective prevention and control. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240016019
Zimmermann, M. B., & Hurrell, R. F. (2007). Nutritional iron deficiency. The Lancet, 370(9586), 511–520. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61235-5