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Abstract
This research analyzes the effectiveness of the International Community Service Program in increasing interest in green entrepreneurship among students of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Selangor. The program used two methods: online in the form of a green entrepreneurship seminar through Zoom and offline in a sharing session at the Tun Sri Lanang UKM Library. Through education and training, the program aimed to raise partners' awareness of the importance of protecting the environment and encourage them to start green businesses to support the green economy and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Results showed that the program effectively fostered partners' interest and awareness of green business. Participants were actively engaged in discussions, indicating that online and face-to-face methods effectively introduced green entrepreneurship. In addition, participants gained insight into the opportunities and challenges of green business and guidance on developing an environmentally friendly business plan. This research enriches the green entrepreneurship literature by testing the effectiveness of green entrepreneurship training. Managerially, it offers an educational program model that combines environmental and entrepreneurial aspects. The program is suggested to be a workshop on making recycled products, providing hands-on skills for green entrepreneurship practice.
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References
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- Anghel, G. A., & Anghel, M. A. (2022). Green entrepreneurship among students: Social and behavioral motivation. Sustainability, 14(14), 8730. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148730
- Bahari, A. F. (2023). Entrepreneurship Training as A Form of Business Development for The People of Sanrobone Village, Takalar Regency. Advances in Community Services Research, 1(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.60079/acsr.v1i1.49
- Belz, F. M., & Binder, J. K. (2017). Sustainable entrepreneurship: A convergent process model. Business Strategy and the Environment, 26(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.1887
- Bocken, N. M., Short, S. W., Rana, P., & Evans, S. (2014). A literature and practice review to develop sustainable business model archetypes. Journal of Cleaner Production, 65, 42–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.11.039
- Cohen, B., & Winn, M. I. (2007). Market imperfections, opportunity and sustainable entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(1), 29–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2004.12.001
- Dean, T. J., & McMullen, J. S. (2007). Toward a theory of sustainable entrepreneurship: Reducing environmental degradation through entrepreneurial action. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(1), 50–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2005.09.003
- Esty, D. C., & Winston, A. S. (2006). Green to gold: How smart companies use environmental strategy to innovate, create value, and build competitive advantage. Yale University Press.
- Gibbs, D., & O'Neill, K. (2014). The green economy, sustainability transitions and transition regions: A case study of Boston. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 12, 26–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2014.01.003
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- Hockerts, K., & Wüstenhagen, R. (2010). Greening Goliaths versus emerging Davids: Theorizing about the role of incumbents and new entrants in sustainable entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 25(5), 481–492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.07.005
- Jabbour, C. J. C., & de Sousa Jabbour, A. B. L. (2016). Green human resource management and green supply chain management: Linking two emerging agendas. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 1824–1833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.01.052
- Lüdeke-Freund, F. (2010). Towards a conceptual framework of 'business models for sustainability.' In Knowledge Collaboration & Learning for Sustainable Innovation. European Roundtable on Sustainable Consumption and Production (ERSCP) and Environmental Management for Sustainable Universities (EMSU) Conferences, Delft, The Netherlands.
- Markman, G. D., & Krause, D. (2016). Theory building surrounding sustainable supply chain management: Assessing what we know, exploring where to go. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 52(2), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1111/jscm.12104
- Muñoz, P., & Dimov, D. (2015). The call of the whole in understanding the development of sustainable ventures. Journal of Business Venturing, 30(4), 632–654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2014.07.012
- Patzelt, H., & Shepherd, D. A. (2011). Recognizing opportunities for sustainable development. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(4), 631–652. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00386.x
- Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. (2011). Creating shared value: How to reinvent capitalism—and unleash a wave of innovation and growth. Harvard Business Review, 89(1/2), 62–77.
- Schaltegger, S., Lüdeke-Freund, F., & Hansen, E. G. (2016). Business models for sustainability: A co-evolutionary analysis of sustainable entrepreneurship, innovation, and transformation. Organization & Environment, 29(3), 264–289. https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026616633272
- Schaper, M. (2002). The essence of ecopreneurship. Greener Management International, 2002(38), 26–30. https://doi.org/10.9774/GLEAF.3062.2002.su.00006
- Shepherd, D. A., & Patzelt, H. (2011). The new field of sustainable entrepreneurship: Studying entrepreneurial action linking “what is to be sustained” with “what is to be developed.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(1), 137–163. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00426.x
- Shepherd, D. A., & Patzelt, H. (2017). Trailblazing in entrepreneurship: Creating new paths for understanding the field. Springer.
- Soegoto, E. S. (2009). Entrepreneurship. Jakarta: PT Elex Media Komputindo.
- Spence, L. J., Gherib, J. B. B., & Biwolé, V. O. (2011). Sustainable entrepreneurship: Is entrepreneurial will enough? A north–south comparison. Journal of Business Ethics, 99(3), 335–367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0656-1
- Stubbs, W., & Cocklin, C. (2008). Conceptualizing a “sustainability business model.” Organization & Environment, 21(2), 103–127. https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026608318042
- Tilley, F., & Young, W. (2009). Sustainability entrepreneurs: Could they be the true wealth generators of the future? Greener Management International, 2009(55), 79–92. https://doi.org/10.9774/GLEAF.3062.2009.su.00008
- Utomo, M. N., Pratiwi, S. R., Rita, M., & Puspitasari, I. (2021). Green business: Strategi membangun kewirausahaan berdaya saing. Banda Aceh: Syiah Kuala University Press.
- Wibowo, A. (2022). Model bisnis ramah lingkungan (green business). Semarang: Yayasan Prima Agus Teknik dan Universitas Sains Teknologi Komputer (Universitas STEKOM).
- Williams, C. C., & Millington, A. C. (2004). The diverse and contested meanings of sustainable development. The Geographical Journal, 170(2), 99–104. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0016-7398.2004.00111.x
- Wüstenhagen, R., Hamschmidt, J., Sharma, S., & Starik, M. (2008). Sustainable innovation and entrepreneurship. Edward Elgar Publishing.
- York, J. G., & Venkataraman, S. (2010). The entrepreneur–environment nexus: Uncertainty, innovation, and allocation. Journal of Business Venturing, 25(5), 449–463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.07.007
- Zahra, S. A., Gedajlovic, E., Neubaum, D. O., & Shulman, J. M. (2009). A typology of social entrepreneurs: Motives, search processes and ethical challenges. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(5), 519–532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.04.007
References
Ahmad, N. H., Halim, H. A., & Zainal, S. R. M. (2010). Is entrepreneurial competency and business success relationship contingent upon business environment? A study of Malaysian SMEs. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 16(3), 182–203. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552551011042780
Anghel, G. A., & Anghel, M. A. (2022). Green entrepreneurship among students: Social and behavioral motivation. Sustainability, 14(14), 8730. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148730
Bahari, A. F. (2023). Entrepreneurship Training as A Form of Business Development for The People of Sanrobone Village, Takalar Regency. Advances in Community Services Research, 1(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.60079/acsr.v1i1.49
Belz, F. M., & Binder, J. K. (2017). Sustainable entrepreneurship: A convergent process model. Business Strategy and the Environment, 26(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.1887
Bocken, N. M., Short, S. W., Rana, P., & Evans, S. (2014). A literature and practice review to develop sustainable business model archetypes. Journal of Cleaner Production, 65, 42–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.11.039
Cohen, B., & Winn, M. I. (2007). Market imperfections, opportunity and sustainable entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(1), 29–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2004.12.001
Dean, T. J., & McMullen, J. S. (2007). Toward a theory of sustainable entrepreneurship: Reducing environmental degradation through entrepreneurial action. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(1), 50–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2005.09.003
Esty, D. C., & Winston, A. S. (2006). Green to gold: How smart companies use environmental strategy to innovate, create value, and build competitive advantage. Yale University Press.
Gibbs, D., & O'Neill, K. (2014). The green economy, sustainability transitions and transition regions: A case study of Boston. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 12, 26–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2014.01.003
Hall, J. K., Daneke, G. A., & Lenox, M. J. (2010). Sustainable development and entrepreneurship: Past contributions and future directions. Journal of Business Venturing, 25(5), 439–448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2010.01.002
Hockerts, K., & Wüstenhagen, R. (2010). Greening Goliaths versus emerging Davids: Theorizing about the role of incumbents and new entrants in sustainable entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 25(5), 481–492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.07.005
Jabbour, C. J. C., & de Sousa Jabbour, A. B. L. (2016). Green human resource management and green supply chain management: Linking two emerging agendas. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 1824–1833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.01.052
Lüdeke-Freund, F. (2010). Towards a conceptual framework of 'business models for sustainability.' In Knowledge Collaboration & Learning for Sustainable Innovation. European Roundtable on Sustainable Consumption and Production (ERSCP) and Environmental Management for Sustainable Universities (EMSU) Conferences, Delft, The Netherlands.
Markman, G. D., & Krause, D. (2016). Theory building surrounding sustainable supply chain management: Assessing what we know, exploring where to go. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 52(2), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1111/jscm.12104
Muñoz, P., & Dimov, D. (2015). The call of the whole in understanding the development of sustainable ventures. Journal of Business Venturing, 30(4), 632–654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2014.07.012
Patzelt, H., & Shepherd, D. A. (2011). Recognizing opportunities for sustainable development. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(4), 631–652. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00386.x
Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. (2011). Creating shared value: How to reinvent capitalism—and unleash a wave of innovation and growth. Harvard Business Review, 89(1/2), 62–77.
Schaltegger, S., Lüdeke-Freund, F., & Hansen, E. G. (2016). Business models for sustainability: A co-evolutionary analysis of sustainable entrepreneurship, innovation, and transformation. Organization & Environment, 29(3), 264–289. https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026616633272
Schaper, M. (2002). The essence of ecopreneurship. Greener Management International, 2002(38), 26–30. https://doi.org/10.9774/GLEAF.3062.2002.su.00006
Shepherd, D. A., & Patzelt, H. (2011). The new field of sustainable entrepreneurship: Studying entrepreneurial action linking “what is to be sustained” with “what is to be developed.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(1), 137–163. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00426.x
Shepherd, D. A., & Patzelt, H. (2017). Trailblazing in entrepreneurship: Creating new paths for understanding the field. Springer.
Soegoto, E. S. (2009). Entrepreneurship. Jakarta: PT Elex Media Komputindo.
Spence, L. J., Gherib, J. B. B., & Biwolé, V. O. (2011). Sustainable entrepreneurship: Is entrepreneurial will enough? A north–south comparison. Journal of Business Ethics, 99(3), 335–367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0656-1
Stubbs, W., & Cocklin, C. (2008). Conceptualizing a “sustainability business model.” Organization & Environment, 21(2), 103–127. https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026608318042
Tilley, F., & Young, W. (2009). Sustainability entrepreneurs: Could they be the true wealth generators of the future? Greener Management International, 2009(55), 79–92. https://doi.org/10.9774/GLEAF.3062.2009.su.00008
Utomo, M. N., Pratiwi, S. R., Rita, M., & Puspitasari, I. (2021). Green business: Strategi membangun kewirausahaan berdaya saing. Banda Aceh: Syiah Kuala University Press.
Wibowo, A. (2022). Model bisnis ramah lingkungan (green business). Semarang: Yayasan Prima Agus Teknik dan Universitas Sains Teknologi Komputer (Universitas STEKOM).
Williams, C. C., & Millington, A. C. (2004). The diverse and contested meanings of sustainable development. The Geographical Journal, 170(2), 99–104. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0016-7398.2004.00111.x
Wüstenhagen, R., Hamschmidt, J., Sharma, S., & Starik, M. (2008). Sustainable innovation and entrepreneurship. Edward Elgar Publishing.
York, J. G., & Venkataraman, S. (2010). The entrepreneur–environment nexus: Uncertainty, innovation, and allocation. Journal of Business Venturing, 25(5), 449–463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.07.007
Zahra, S. A., Gedajlovic, E., Neubaum, D. O., & Shulman, J. M. (2009). A typology of social entrepreneurs: Motives, search processes and ethical challenges. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(5), 519–532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.04.007