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Abstract
Stunting masih menjadi salah satu permasalahan kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia, termasuk di Kabupaten Sukabumi, Jawa Barat. Kondisi ini terjadi akibat kekurangan gizi kronis pada balita yang berdampak pada pertumbuhan fisik dan perkembangan kognitif anak. Program pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat Desa Cikakak mengenai gizi seimbang, pola asuh, dan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS) sebagai upaya pencegahan stunting. Metode yang digunakan adalah Participatory Action Research (PAR) melalui tahapan pendataan status gizi balita, penyuluhan gizi pada periode 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan (HPK), pemberian makanan tambahan berbasis pangan lokal, edukasi PHBS, serta penguatan kapasitas kader posyandu dalam pemantauan pertumbuhan. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan ibu balita terkait praktik pemberian makanan pendamping ASI (MPASI), penerapan pola makan yang lebih beragam, serta pemanfaatan pekarangan rumah untuk sumber pangan bergizi. Kader posyandu juga mengalami peningkatan keterampilan dalam pemantauan pertumbuhan balita dan konseling gizi sederhana. Meskipun terdapat tantangan berupa keterbatasan akses pangan bergizi dan kepercayaan lokal yang kurang mendukung, pendekatan partisipatif terbukti efektif meningkatkan penerimaan program. Kesimpulannya, intervensi terpadu yang melibatkan masyarakat, kader kesehatan, dan perguruan tinggi dapat menjadi model praktik baik yang berkontribusi pada percepatan penurunan stunting di tingkat desa.
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References
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References
Bappenas. (2021). Strategi Nasional Percepatan Pencegahan Anak Kerdil (Stunting) Periode 2021–2024. Jakarta: Kementerian PPN/Bappenas.
Black, R. E., Victora, C. G., Walker, S. P., Bhutta, Z. A., Christian, P., de Onis, M., ... & Uauy, R. (2013). Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries. The Lancet, 382(9890), 427–451. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60937-X
Dewey, K. G., & Adu-Afarwuah, S. (2008). Systematic review of the efficacy and effectiveness of complementary feeding interventions in developing countries. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 4(S1), 24–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8709.2007.00124.x
Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Barat. (2022). Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Barat Tahun 2022. Bandung: Dinas Kesehatan Jawa Barat.
Humphrey, J. H., Mbuya, M. N., Ntozini, R., Moulton, L. H., Stoltzfus, R. J., Tavengwa, N. V., ... & Maluccio, J. A. (2019). Independent and combined effects of improved water, sanitation, and hygiene, and improved complementary feeding, on child stunting and anemia in rural Zimbabwe: A cluster-randomised trial. The Lancet Global Health, 7(1), e132–e147. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30374-7
Kemmis, S., McTaggart, R., & Nixon, R. (2014). The action research planner: Doing critical participatory action research. Springer.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2020). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 2 Tahun 2020 tentang Standar Antropometri Anak. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2021). Pedoman Pencegahan dan Penanganan Stunting Terintegrasi. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2023). Laporan Hasil Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) 2022. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Prendergast, A. J., & Humphrey, J. H. (2014). The stunting syndrome in developing countries. Paediatrics and International Child Health, 34(4), 250–265. https://doi.org/10.1179/2046905514Y.0000000158
Victora, C. G., Christian, P., Vidaletti, L. P., Gatica-Domínguez, G., Menon, P., & Black, R. E. (2021). Revisiting maternal and child undernutrition in low-income and middle-income countries: Variable progress towards an unfinished agenda. The Lancet, 397(10282), 1388–1399. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00394-9
World Bank. (2018). Indonesia - Community-Based Health and Nutrition to Reduce Stunting Project. Washington, DC: World Bank.
World Health Organization. (2020). Malnutrition. Geneva: World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malnutrition
World Health Organization. (2021). WHO child growth standards: Methods and development. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Yigezu, Y. A., Gella, A. A., & Tadesse, Y. M. (2019). Nutrition-sensitive agriculture interventions and their impacts on dietary diversity, child nutrition and household food security: A systematic review. Agriculture & Food Security, 8(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-019-0247-9