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Abstract

The research is motivated by suboptimal employee performance, persistent service inefficiencies, and uneven implementation of digitalization. Therefore, a model capable of explaining the relationship between variables is needed to improve the quality of health services. This study aims to analyze the influence of health service management and leadership on employee performance, with digitalization as a mediating variable, at public health centers in Serang Regency. The study employed a quantitative approach with explanatory research methods. The study population comprised civil servants at 15 inpatient public health centers (Puskesmas) in Serang Regency. The sample size was determined using proportionate random sampling, with 170 respondents. Data were collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) through outer model and inner model testing, as well as direct and indirect hypothesis testing. The results of the study indicate that all constructs have met the validity and reliability criteria. The coefficient of determination shows that digitalization can be explained by service management and leadership by 80.4%, while employee performance is explained by 76.3%. Hypothesis testing proves that service management has a positive and significant effect on employee performance and digitalization, leadership has a positive and significant effect on employee performance and digitalization, and digitalization has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. In addition, digitalization is proven to significantly mediate the influence of service management and leadership on employee performance. This study concludes that improving the performance of Community Health Center employees is not only determined by the quality-of-service management and leadership, but also by the effective implementation of digitalization. These findings offer practical implications for Community Health Center managers to strengthen digital transformation, improve the quality-of-service management, and develop adaptive leadership to achieve more effective, efficient, and community-oriented health services.


 

Keywords

health service management, leadership, digitalization, employee performance, SEM-PLS.

Article Details

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite
Saroh, S., Sari, G. I., & Suadma, U. (2026). The Influence of Health Service Management and Leadership on Employee Performance: The Moderating Role of Digitalization at Public Health Centers in Serang regency. Economics and Digital Business Review, 7(2), 924–939. https://doi.org/10.37531/ecotal.v7i2.4143
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References

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  22. District, C., & Figures, I. N. (2024). Kecamatan ciomas dalam angka. 16.
  23. Jahan, S., Albishri, N., Galgotia, A., & Papa, A. (2026). Technovation 3D printing technologies and innovation performance . An agile manufacturing theory perspective. Technovation, 149(April 2025), 103347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2025.103347
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  25. Kucharska, W., & Kucharski, M. (2026). International Journal of Information Agile culture , collective human intelligence and AI adoption : Gender and sectoral perspectives on augmented intelligence in Europe. 6(April).
  26. Pengantar, K. (n.d.). No Title.
  27. Sa, U., Laili, U., Rochimah, S., Bagus, M., & Rasyid, A. (2026). Bridging the skills gap through Agile methodologies in Vocational Software Development Education. Array, 29(April 2025), 100614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.array.2025.100614
  28. Tiong, P., Sumaryo, P., Aisyah, S., & Simamora, P. (2024). The Influence of Digital Competency , Employee Engagement , and Leadership Style on SME Employee Performance in Indonesia : Innovation Capability as A Mediator and Organizational Culture as A Moderator in the Society 5 . 0 Era. 9(2), 43–55. https://doi.org/10.14203/STIPM.2024.405
  29. Tripp, J., & Sambamurthy, V. (2026). Information & Management Can only managers enact formal control ? The role of team-managed formal control in agile project success. Information & Management, 63(6), 104386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2026.104386
  30. Virnandes, S. R., Shen, J., Vlahu-gjorgievska, E., Virnandes, R., Shen, J., & Vlahu-gjorgievska, E. (2024). ScienceDirect ScienceDirect Building public trust through digital government transformation : A Building public trust through digital government transformation : qualitative study of Indonesian civil service agency qualitative study of Indonesian civil service agency. Procedia Computer Science, 234, 1183–1191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2024.03.114
  31. Wahyuningtyas, R., Candra, A., Suyanto, S., & Rismayani, R. (2026). Asia Pacific Management Review Agile machine learning-based workload analysis in a telecommunication company. Asia Pacific Management Review, 31(2), 100430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2026.100430
  32. Wu, Z., Si, G., Ai, Y., Gu, R., & Yang, D. (2026). Confucian culture and corporate digital leadership. International Review of Economics and Finance, 106(November 2025), 104822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2025.104822
  33. Arifai, M., Haris, A., Yasir, Y., & Kurra, S. D. (2022). Influence Leadership , Competence and Motivation To Performance Employee Service Health Regency Bay Bintuni West Papua Province. 9(2), 305–310.
  34. Arshad, R., Duraipandi, O., & Ullah, M. (2026). Agile project management for economic sustainability : A time-lagged mediation model of strategic agility and agile leadership among software professionals. 11(July 2025).
  35. Aversa, P., Cozzolino, A., & Basil, A. (2026). Business model innovation pathways : Digital transformation after disruption at The New York Times and The Washington Post. Research Policy, 55(8), 105536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2026.105536
  36. Burtscher, M., & Piano, S. (n.d.). Developing skills for digital government : A review of good practices across OECD governments. 303.
  37. Cubillas-para, C., Cegarra-navarro, J. G., & Tomaseti-solano, E. (2026). International Journal of Hospitality Management Building agile hotels in the digital era : The role of digital transformation and renewal capabilities. 139(April).
  38. District, C., & Figures, I. N. (2024). Kecamatan ciomas dalam angka. 16.
  39. Jahan, S., Albishri, N., Galgotia, A., & Papa, A. (2026). Technovation 3D printing technologies and innovation performance . An agile manufacturing theory perspective. Technovation, 149(April 2025), 103347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2025.103347
  40. Khan, A. N., Wang, Y., Khan, N. A., & Ahmad, A. (2025). Digital Leadership Enhances Employee Empowerment , Techno-work Engagement , and Sustainability : SEM Analysis in Public Healthcare. https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580251317653
  41. Kucharska, W., & Kucharski, M. (2026). International Journal of Information Agile culture , collective human intelligence and AI adoption : Gender and sectoral perspectives on augmented intelligence in Europe. 6(April).
  42. Pengantar, K. (n.d.). No Title.
  43. Sa, U., Laili, U., Rochimah, S., Bagus, M., & Rasyid, A. (2026). Bridging the skills gap through Agile methodologies in Vocational Software Development Education. Array, 29(April 2025), 100614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.array.2025.100614
  44. Tiong, P., Sumaryo, P., Aisyah, S., & Simamora, P. (2024). The Influence of Digital Competency , Employee Engagement , and Leadership Style on SME Employee Performance in Indonesia : Innovation Capability as A Mediator and Organizational Culture as A Moderator in the Society 5 . 0 Era. 9(2), 43–55. https://doi.org/10.14203/STIPM.2024.405
  45. Tripp, J., & Sambamurthy, V. (2026). Information & Management Can only managers enact formal control ? The role of team-managed formal control in agile project success. Information & Management, 63(6), 104386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2026.104386
  46. Virnandes, S. R., Shen, J., Vlahu-gjorgievska, E., Virnandes, R., Shen, J., & Vlahu-gjorgievska, E. (2024). ScienceDirect ScienceDirect Building public trust through digital government transformation : A Building public trust through digital government transformation : qualitative study of Indonesian civil service agency qualitative study of Indonesian civil service agency. Procedia Computer Science, 234, 1183–1191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2024.03.114
  47. Wahyuningtyas, R., Candra, A., Suyanto, S., & Rismayani, R. (2026). Asia Pacific Management Review Agile machine learning-based workload analysis in a telecommunication company. Asia Pacific Management Review, 31(2), 100430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2026.100430
  48. Wu, Z., Si, G., Ai, Y., Gu, R., & Yang, D. (2026). Confucian culture and corporate digital leadership. International Review of Economics and Finance, 106(November 2025), 104822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2025.104822