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Abstract
Kinerja perusahaan adalah cerminan keadaan entitas pada periode sebelumnya serta periode berjalan untuk dianalisis. Return on Assets (ROA) diimplementasikan sebagai proksi kinerja perusahaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan guna meneliti secara empiris pengaruh modal intelektual terhadap kinerja perusahaan berdasarkan kinerja komponennya, yakni Value Added Capital Employed (VACA), Value Added Human Capital (VAHU), dan Structural Capital Value Added (STVA). Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah perbankan terdaftar Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2020-2022. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 46 dan dengan data observasi berjumlah 119 diperoleh melalui laporan keuangan tahunan dan www.idx.co.id. Hipotesis penelitian diuji dengan metode regresi linier berganda dengan bantuan program STATA 17. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa VACA dan VAHU memengaruhi kinerja perusahaan secara positif, sementara STVA tidak menujukkan pengaruh terhadap kinerja perusahaan. Variabel kontrol, yakni ukuran perusahaan dan leverage tidak menujukkan pengaruh terhadap kinerja perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penting bagi sebuah perusahaan untuk memperhatikan pengendalian sumber daya miliknya. Selaras dengan Resource-based Theory (RBT) yang mengungkapkan bahwa sumber daya mampu menciptakan nilai dan menjadi competitive advantage untuk perusahaan.
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References
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- Devi, A., & Firmansyah, I. (2020). Efficiency Determinant Analysis in Islamic Bank in Indonesia. Muqtasid, 11(2), 104–116. https://doi.org/10.18326/.v11i2.104-116
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- Nainggolan, M. N., Sirait, A., Nasution, O. N., & Astuty, F. (2022). Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Pertumbuhan Penjualan, Leverage terhadap Profitabilitas pada sektor Food & Beverage dalam Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2015-2019. Owner, 6(1), 948–963. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v6i1.440
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- Olarewaju, O. M., & Msomi, T. S. (2021). Intellectual Capital and Financial Performance of South African Development Community’s General Insurance Companies. Heliyon, 7(4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06712
- Patrisia, D., Linda, M. R., & Abror. (2022). Creation of competitive advantage in improving the business performance of banking companies. Jurnal Siasat Bisnis, 26(2), 121–137. https://doi.org/10.20885/jsb.vol26.iss2.art1
- Pratama, S. D. Y., Alfatihah, N., Audistya, S., & Neliana, T. (2024). Liquidity, Leverage, and Company Size on Earnings Quality with Profitability as a Moderating Variable. Journal of Business and Management Review, 5(5), 376–386. https://doi.org/10.47153/jbmr55.9692024
- Pulungan, K. A., Irsan, M., & Farisi, S. (2024). Faktor Determinan Return on Asset pada Perusahaan Otomotif Yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Owner, 8(4), 4186–4201. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v8i4.2411
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- Riyani, D., Ardini, L., & Hermanto, S. B. (2022). Pengaruh manajemen risiko, modal intelektual dan inovasi terhadap nilai perusahaan dimediasi kinerja perusahaan. Owner: Riset Dan Jurnal Akuntansi, 6(4), 3670–3679. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v6i4.1170
- Rizal, Marlion, F. A., Pasrizal, H., & Anita, R. (2021). Internal and External Factors Effects towards Return on Assets in Indonesian Foreign Exchange Sharia Bank. Muqtasid, 12(1), 49–62. https://doi.org/10.18326/.v12i1.49-62
- Shara, Y., Kholis, A., & Ikhsan, A. (2024). Pengaruh Intellectual Capital terhadap Kinerja Keuangan pada Bank Syariah di Malaysia Tahun 2019-2022. Owner, 8(2), 1722–1731. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v8i2.2281
- Sulistiyowati, L. N. (2021). Kinerja Keuangan Sebagai Variabel Moderasi Antara Faktor Modal Intelektual Dengan Nilai Perusahaan Manufaktur. Widya Cipta: Jurnal Sekretari Dan Manajemen, 5(2), 90–99. http://ejournal.bsi.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/widyacipta
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- Wahyuningtias, E., & Kusumawardhani, R. (2024). The moderating effect of income diversification on intellectual capital and company performance: Case study of banking in Indonesia. Jurnal Siasat Bisnis, 28(1), 103–115. https://doi.org/10.20885/jsb.vol28.iss1.art7
- Yuliawati, R., & Alinsari, N. (2022). Pengaruh Modal Intelektual Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Dengan Profitabilitas Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. Owner, 6(3), 1698–1708. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v6i3.939
References
Ahmed, Z., Hussin, M. R. A., & Pirzada, K. (2022). The Impact of Intellectual Capital and Ownership Structure on Firm Performance. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 15(12), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15120553
Ali, S., Murtaza, G., Hedvicakova, M., Jiang, J., & Naeem, M. (2022). Intellectual capital and financial performance: A comparative study. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.967820
Ardiansyah, E. (2021). Capital Intelektual, Efisiensi Modal, Kebijakan Deviden, dan Nilai Perusahaan. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 31(6), 1413–1423. https://doi.org/10.24843/eja.2021.v31.i06.p05
Barney, J. B. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage (Vol. 17). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Budiadnyani, N. P., Dewi, P. P. R. A., & Arlita, I. G. A. D. (2023). Leverage dan Kinerja Perusahaan dengan Ukuran Perusahaan Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. Owner: Riset Dan Jurnal Akuntansi, 7(4), 2874–2883. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v7i4.1684
Devi, A., & Firmansyah, I. (2020). Efficiency Determinant Analysis in Islamic Bank in Indonesia. Muqtasid, 11(2), 104–116. https://doi.org/10.18326/.v11i2.104-116
Duho, K. C. T. (2022). Intangibles, Intellectual Capital, and the Performance of Listed Non-Financial Services Firms in West Africa: A Cross-Country Analysis. Merits, 2(3), 101–125. https://doi.org/10.3390/merits2030009
Ernawati, & Santoso, S. B. (2021). Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Kepemilikan Institusional, Komisaris Independen, dan Leverage terhadap Kinerja Keuangan. Kompartemen: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi, 19(2), 231–246. http://jurnalnasional.ump.ac.id/index.php/kompartemen/
Faruq, M. O., Akter, T., & Rahman, M. M. (2023). Does intellectual capital drive bank’s performance in Bangladesh? Evidence from static and dynamic approach. Heliyon, 9, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17656
Fitri, R., & Nuraini, D. (2023). Effect of CASA, Fee-Based Income, and Intellectual Capital Towards Profitability of Islamic Banking in Indonesia. Muqtasid, 14(1), 35–50. https://doi.org/10.18326/.V14i1
Hariyati, Nuswantara, D. A., Hidayat, R. A., & Putikadea, I. (2023). Management accounting information system and intellectual capital: a way to increase SME’s business performance. Jurnal Siasat Bisnis, 27(1), 61–75. https://doi.org/10.20885/jsb.vol27.iss1.art5
Le, T. D. Q., & Nguyen, D. T. (2020). Intellectual capital and bank profitability: New evidence from Vietnam. Cogent Business and Management, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1859666
Marbun, D. R. B., & Ulpah, M. (2024). Determinants of Intellectual Capital on Financial and Market Performance: The Moderating Role of Board Function. Owner, 8(4), 4327–4340. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v8i4.2387
Margareta, C. R., & Prasetyo, K. (2020). Financial performance as an intervening variable in the relationship between intellectual capital and firm value. Cuadernos de Economia, 43(123), 428–434. https://doi.org/10.32826/cude.v4i123.405
Nainggolan, M. N., Sirait, A., Nasution, O. N., & Astuty, F. (2022). Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Pertumbuhan Penjualan, Leverage terhadap Profitabilitas pada sektor Food & Beverage dalam Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2015-2019. Owner, 6(1), 948–963. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v6i1.440
Nelson, C. I., Ester, Jeninfer, & Viorene. (2024). Factors Affecting Profitability in Banking Enterprises. Jurnal Akuntansi Bisnis, 17(1), 115–128. https://doi.org/10.30813/jab.v17
Nguyen, P. D. (2024). The impact of intellectual capital on firm performance: A study of Vietnamese firms listed on Vietnam Stock Exchange. Journal of Competitiveness, 16(1), 26–45. https://doi.org/10.7441/joc.2024.01.02
Ognjanović, J., & Slavković, M. (2022). Intellectual capital and financial performance of entrepreneurs in the hotel industry. Menadzment u Hotelijerstvu i Turizmu, 10(1), 25–40. https://doi.org/10.5937/menhottur2201025o
Olarewaju, O. M., & Msomi, T. S. (2021). Intellectual Capital and Financial Performance of South African Development Community’s General Insurance Companies. Heliyon, 7(4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06712
Patrisia, D., Linda, M. R., & Abror. (2022). Creation of competitive advantage in improving the business performance of banking companies. Jurnal Siasat Bisnis, 26(2), 121–137. https://doi.org/10.20885/jsb.vol26.iss2.art1
Pratama, S. D. Y., Alfatihah, N., Audistya, S., & Neliana, T. (2024). Liquidity, Leverage, and Company Size on Earnings Quality with Profitability as a Moderating Variable. Journal of Business and Management Review, 5(5), 376–386. https://doi.org/10.47153/jbmr55.9692024
Pulungan, K. A., Irsan, M., & Farisi, S. (2024). Faktor Determinan Return on Asset pada Perusahaan Otomotif Yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Owner, 8(4), 4186–4201. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v8i4.2411
Rehman, A. U., Aslam, E., & Iqbal, A. (2022). Intellectual capital efficiency and bank performance: Evidence from islamic banks. Borsa Istanbul Review, 22(1), 113–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2021.02.004
Riyani, D., Ardini, L., & Hermanto, S. B. (2022). Pengaruh manajemen risiko, modal intelektual dan inovasi terhadap nilai perusahaan dimediasi kinerja perusahaan. Owner: Riset Dan Jurnal Akuntansi, 6(4), 3670–3679. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v6i4.1170
Rizal, Marlion, F. A., Pasrizal, H., & Anita, R. (2021). Internal and External Factors Effects towards Return on Assets in Indonesian Foreign Exchange Sharia Bank. Muqtasid, 12(1), 49–62. https://doi.org/10.18326/.v12i1.49-62
Shara, Y., Kholis, A., & Ikhsan, A. (2024). Pengaruh Intellectual Capital terhadap Kinerja Keuangan pada Bank Syariah di Malaysia Tahun 2019-2022. Owner, 8(2), 1722–1731. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v8i2.2281
Sulistiyowati, L. N. (2021). Kinerja Keuangan Sebagai Variabel Moderasi Antara Faktor Modal Intelektual Dengan Nilai Perusahaan Manufaktur. Widya Cipta: Jurnal Sekretari Dan Manajemen, 5(2), 90–99. http://ejournal.bsi.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/widyacipta
Sulton, F. A., Ardira, G. A., & H, H. (2021). Pengaruh Rasio Kredit Bermasalah Terhadap Profitabilitas Bank Umum Selama Pandemi COVID-19: Kasus Indonesia (Vol. 19, Issue 2). http://jurnalnasional.ump.ac.id/index.php/kompartemen/
Tang, S. (2022). Liquidity, Leverage dan Firm Performance dengan Firm Size Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. E-Jurnal Akuntasi, 32(9), 2239–2250. https://doi.org/10.24843/EJA.2022.v
Wahyuningtias, E., & Kusumawardhani, R. (2024). The moderating effect of income diversification on intellectual capital and company performance: Case study of banking in Indonesia. Jurnal Siasat Bisnis, 28(1), 103–115. https://doi.org/10.20885/jsb.vol28.iss1.art7
Yuliawati, R., & Alinsari, N. (2022). Pengaruh Modal Intelektual Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Dengan Profitabilitas Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. Owner, 6(3), 1698–1708. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v6i3.939