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Abstract
This article aims to formulate a new axiological framework of distributive justice within Islamic Economic Philosophy as a response to the inadequacy of resource-based justice theories. Using a comparative–integrative analytical method grounded in an in-depth literature study of 20 primary sources, this research juxtaposes Amartya Sen’s Capability Approach with the Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah paradigm. The analysis reveals that Sen’s concept of capability requires an explicit moral direction, which is fully provided by Maqāṣid through the principle of Falāh, since justice in Islam is inherently tied to ethical and social responsibility. This synthesis results in a conceptual novelty: Distributive Justice as Capability to Do Good (CTDG). CTDG asserts that distribution must generate capabilities that are directed toward doing good (iḥsān) and contributing to society. The concept is practically validated through the instrument of Productive Zakat, where the highest measure of success is the transformation of mustahik into muzakki. This status change demonstrates that the purpose of distribution transcends individual freedom and reaches an ethical-social function that requires empowered individuals to become agents of goodness. CTDG offers a new evaluation standard for Islamic philanthropic institutions, shifting the focus from merely achieving material welfare to developing moral-social capability.
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References
- Ali, I., & Khan, S. (2016). Capability Approach And Religious Values: The Case Of Women's Employment In Islam. Researchgate Working Paper. Retrieved From Https://Blogs.Imperial.Ac.Uk/Openaccess/2019/10/18/Researchgate-Vs-Institutional-Repositories-Which-One-Should-I-Use/.
- Alheis, L. H. M., & Shatara, A. (2019). Justice In The Philosophy Of Amartya Sen. European Journal Of Business And Management, 11(26), 114–120. Doi: 10.7176/Ejbm/11-26-15
- Aydin, N. (2017). Islamic Vs Conventional Human Development Index. International Journal Of Social Economics, 44(12), 1562–1583. Doi: 10.1108/Ijse-03-2016-0091
- Chapra, M. U. (2008). The Islamic Vision Of Development In The Light Of Maqasid Al-Shariah. Islamic Economic Studies, 15(2), 1–40.
- Firdiyanti, S. I., Mudrikah, S., & Sulthon, M. (2025). Mengenal Konsep Ontologi, Epistemologi Dan Aksiologi Dalam Ilmu Ekonomi Islam. Jurnal Al-Iqtishod, 4(1), 38–48.
- Hasanuddin, M. (2024). Dimensi Aksiologi Zakat Dalam Peningkatan Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia. Jurnal Filantropi Islam, 5(2), 110–125.
- Hudaefi, F. A. (2020). Dimensions Of Islamic Economic Justice And Its Implementation In Modern Context. International Journal Of Ethics And Systems, 36(4), 549–566. Doi: 10.1108/Ijoes-03-2020-0026
- Ismail, A. G., & Tohirin, A. (2020). Redistributive Instruments In Islam: The Role Of Zakat, Waqf And Inheritance. Journal Of Islamic Accounting And Business Research, 11(3), 710–725. Doi: 10.1108/Jiabr-01-2020-0012
- Karim, A. A., & Thaker, M. A. B. M. T. (2022). Revitalizing Islamic Social Finance: Zakat, Waqf, And Their Impact On Socio-Economic Development. Isra International Journal Of Islamic Finance, 14(1), 35–50. [Doi: 10.1108/Ijif-01-2022-0012]
- Kurniawan, M., & Fitria, N. (2024). Fairness And Distributive Justice In Islamic Philanthropy Institutions. International Journal Of Islamic Economics And Finance, 7(1), 33–47.
- Laldin, M. A., & Furqani, H. (2013). Developing Islamic Finance In The Framework Of Maqasid Al-Shari'ah. International Journal Of Islamic And Middle Eastern Finance And Management, 6(4), 278–289. Doi: 10.1108/Imefm-01-2013-0005
- Mutawalli, M. (2025). Keadilan Dan Etika Dalam Pasar Keuangan Syariah. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan Islam, 12(1), 10–25. 13. Muzdalifah, N. S. (2024). Implikasi Filosofis Konsep Khilafah Terhadap Tanggung Jawab Sosial Ekonomi. Jurnal Filsafat Islam Kontemporer, 3(2), 88–101.
- Nozick, R. (2023). Anarchy, State, And Utopia (50th Anniversary Edition). Basic Books.
- Nuraini, S. (2024). Penerapan Prinsip Keadilan Dalam Distribusi Zakat Produktif. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Islam, 15(3), 201–215.
- Nurfadhilah, R. (2022). Prinsip Keadilan Dalam Ekonomi Berbasis Syariah: Tinjauan Maqashid Al-Syari’ah. Al-Iqtishad: Journal Of Islamic Economics, 14(2), 150–165. Doi: 10.15408/Aiq.V14i2.23111
- Pane, A. L., Rachman, N., & Triana. (2024). Keadilan Distributif Dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam: Implikasi Filosofis Dan Praktis. Karakter: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Islam, 2(2), 134–143. Doi: 10.61132/Karakter.V2i2.547
- Pida, D. F. (2025). Peran Zakat Dalam Membangun Ekonomi Berkelanjutan: Tinjauan Aksiologi Filsafat Ekonomi Islam. Jurnal Polyscopia, 2(1), 50–65. 19. Pradita, G. F. P., & Darwanto. (2024). Integration Of Maqashid Sharia And Human Development. International Journal Of Islamic Studies And Economic, 1(2), 43–57.
- Rachman, F. A., & Nugroho, B. (2021). Prinsip Keadilan Distributif Dalam Ekonomi Islam Kontemporer. Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Indonesia, 11(2), 134–148. Doi: 10.20885/Jesi.Vol11.Iss2.Art4
- Rahmawati, D., & Prasetyo, A. (2023). Keadilan Distributif Dalam Kebijakan Pendidikan: Studi Kasus Bos. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kebijakan, 10(2), 99–113. 22. Rawls, J. (2021). Justice As Fairness: A Restatement (Revised Edition). Harvard University Press. Doi: 10.4159/9780674042582
- Sandel, M. J. (2024). Justice: What’s The Right Thing To Do? (2nd Ed.). Farrar, Straus And Giroux. 24. Sen, A. (2022). The Idea Of Justice (Updated Edition). Harvard University Press. Doi: 10.4159/Harvard.9780674054226
- Sitti, H. (2025). Legal Review Of Sharia P2p Lending And Economic Justice In Indonesia. Al-Hijrah, 3(1). Doi: 10.55062/Alhijrah.V3i1.824
- Smith, A. (2022). The Wealth Of Nations (Updated Classics). Princeton University Press. 27. Sulastri, I. (2025). Keadilan Distributif Dalam Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam. Jurnal Hukum Dan Lingkungan, 7(1), 45–62.
- Van Parijs, P. (2023). Basic Income: A Simple And Radical Proposal For A Just Society. Harvard University Press.
- Wahyudi, I., & Setiawan, B. (2023). Integrasi Zakat Dan Wakaf Dalam Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Umat. Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, 10(1), 1–15.
- Zuchroh, I. (2022). Zakat Produktif: Kebijakan Pengelolaan Keuangan Publik Sebagai Instrumen Pengentasan Kemiskinan Di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 8(3), 3067–3073.
References
Ali, I., & Khan, S. (2016). Capability Approach And Religious Values: The Case Of Women's Employment In Islam. Researchgate Working Paper. Retrieved From Https://Blogs.Imperial.Ac.Uk/Openaccess/2019/10/18/Researchgate-Vs-Institutional-Repositories-Which-One-Should-I-Use/.
Alheis, L. H. M., & Shatara, A. (2019). Justice In The Philosophy Of Amartya Sen. European Journal Of Business And Management, 11(26), 114–120. Doi: 10.7176/Ejbm/11-26-15
Aydin, N. (2017). Islamic Vs Conventional Human Development Index. International Journal Of Social Economics, 44(12), 1562–1583. Doi: 10.1108/Ijse-03-2016-0091
Chapra, M. U. (2008). The Islamic Vision Of Development In The Light Of Maqasid Al-Shariah. Islamic Economic Studies, 15(2), 1–40.
Firdiyanti, S. I., Mudrikah, S., & Sulthon, M. (2025). Mengenal Konsep Ontologi, Epistemologi Dan Aksiologi Dalam Ilmu Ekonomi Islam. Jurnal Al-Iqtishod, 4(1), 38–48.
Hasanuddin, M. (2024). Dimensi Aksiologi Zakat Dalam Peningkatan Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia. Jurnal Filantropi Islam, 5(2), 110–125.
Hudaefi, F. A. (2020). Dimensions Of Islamic Economic Justice And Its Implementation In Modern Context. International Journal Of Ethics And Systems, 36(4), 549–566. Doi: 10.1108/Ijoes-03-2020-0026
Ismail, A. G., & Tohirin, A. (2020). Redistributive Instruments In Islam: The Role Of Zakat, Waqf And Inheritance. Journal Of Islamic Accounting And Business Research, 11(3), 710–725. Doi: 10.1108/Jiabr-01-2020-0012
Karim, A. A., & Thaker, M. A. B. M. T. (2022). Revitalizing Islamic Social Finance: Zakat, Waqf, And Their Impact On Socio-Economic Development. Isra International Journal Of Islamic Finance, 14(1), 35–50. [Doi: 10.1108/Ijif-01-2022-0012]
Kurniawan, M., & Fitria, N. (2024). Fairness And Distributive Justice In Islamic Philanthropy Institutions. International Journal Of Islamic Economics And Finance, 7(1), 33–47.
Laldin, M. A., & Furqani, H. (2013). Developing Islamic Finance In The Framework Of Maqasid Al-Shari'ah. International Journal Of Islamic And Middle Eastern Finance And Management, 6(4), 278–289. Doi: 10.1108/Imefm-01-2013-0005
Mutawalli, M. (2025). Keadilan Dan Etika Dalam Pasar Keuangan Syariah. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan Islam, 12(1), 10–25. 13. Muzdalifah, N. S. (2024). Implikasi Filosofis Konsep Khilafah Terhadap Tanggung Jawab Sosial Ekonomi. Jurnal Filsafat Islam Kontemporer, 3(2), 88–101.
Nozick, R. (2023). Anarchy, State, And Utopia (50th Anniversary Edition). Basic Books.
Nuraini, S. (2024). Penerapan Prinsip Keadilan Dalam Distribusi Zakat Produktif. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Islam, 15(3), 201–215.
Nurfadhilah, R. (2022). Prinsip Keadilan Dalam Ekonomi Berbasis Syariah: Tinjauan Maqashid Al-Syari’ah. Al-Iqtishad: Journal Of Islamic Economics, 14(2), 150–165. Doi: 10.15408/Aiq.V14i2.23111
Pane, A. L., Rachman, N., & Triana. (2024). Keadilan Distributif Dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam: Implikasi Filosofis Dan Praktis. Karakter: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Islam, 2(2), 134–143. Doi: 10.61132/Karakter.V2i2.547
Pida, D. F. (2025). Peran Zakat Dalam Membangun Ekonomi Berkelanjutan: Tinjauan Aksiologi Filsafat Ekonomi Islam. Jurnal Polyscopia, 2(1), 50–65. 19. Pradita, G. F. P., & Darwanto. (2024). Integration Of Maqashid Sharia And Human Development. International Journal Of Islamic Studies And Economic, 1(2), 43–57.
Rachman, F. A., & Nugroho, B. (2021). Prinsip Keadilan Distributif Dalam Ekonomi Islam Kontemporer. Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Indonesia, 11(2), 134–148. Doi: 10.20885/Jesi.Vol11.Iss2.Art4
Rahmawati, D., & Prasetyo, A. (2023). Keadilan Distributif Dalam Kebijakan Pendidikan: Studi Kasus Bos. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kebijakan, 10(2), 99–113. 22. Rawls, J. (2021). Justice As Fairness: A Restatement (Revised Edition). Harvard University Press. Doi: 10.4159/9780674042582
Sandel, M. J. (2024). Justice: What’s The Right Thing To Do? (2nd Ed.). Farrar, Straus And Giroux. 24. Sen, A. (2022). The Idea Of Justice (Updated Edition). Harvard University Press. Doi: 10.4159/Harvard.9780674054226
Sitti, H. (2025). Legal Review Of Sharia P2p Lending And Economic Justice In Indonesia. Al-Hijrah, 3(1). Doi: 10.55062/Alhijrah.V3i1.824
Smith, A. (2022). The Wealth Of Nations (Updated Classics). Princeton University Press. 27. Sulastri, I. (2025). Keadilan Distributif Dalam Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam. Jurnal Hukum Dan Lingkungan, 7(1), 45–62.
Van Parijs, P. (2023). Basic Income: A Simple And Radical Proposal For A Just Society. Harvard University Press.
Wahyudi, I., & Setiawan, B. (2023). Integrasi Zakat Dan Wakaf Dalam Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Umat. Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, 10(1), 1–15.
Zuchroh, I. (2022). Zakat Produktif: Kebijakan Pengelolaan Keuangan Publik Sebagai Instrumen Pengentasan Kemiskinan Di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 8(3), 3067–3073.