Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose: This study examines the effect of person–job fit and work–life balance on employee engagement, with intrinsic motivation as a mediating variable among Generation Z employees in National Private Commercial Banks (BUSN) in Pontianak.
Research Design and Methodology: A quantitative survey was conducted involving 170 Generation Z employees (born 1997–2012). Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with WarpPLS 7.0. The variables measured included person–job fit, work–life balance, intrinsic motivation, and employee engagement.
Findings and Discussion: The results indicate that person–job fit and work–life balance significantly and positively influence intrinsic motivation and employee engagement. Intrinsic motivation also shows a strong positive effect on employee engagement and partially mediates the relationships between person–job fit, work–life balance, and engagement. These findings suggest that psychological alignment with work and balanced life conditions stimulate internal motivation, which strengthens engagement among Generation Z employees.
Implications: The study provides managerial guidance for banking institutions to design HR strategies focusing on job alignment, flexible working arrangements, and intrinsic motivation development. Future research is recommended to explore additional psychological or organizational factors influencing engagement across different industries and generational groups.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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- Al Riyami, S., Razzak, M. R., Al-Busaidi, A. S., & Palalic, R. (2023). Impact of work from home on work–life balance: Mediating effects of work–family conflict and work motivation. Heritage and Sustainable Development, 5(1), 33–52. https://doi.org/10.26480/hsd.01.2023.33.52
- Alqhaiwi, Z. O., Koburtay, T., & Karatepe, O. M. (2023). Linking person–job fit and intrinsic motivation to salespeople’s service innovative behavior. Journal of Services Marketing, 37(9), 1186–1200. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSM-04-2023-0154
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- Cable, D. M., & DeRue, D. S. (2002). The convergent and discriminant validity of subjective fit perceptions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(5), 875–884. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.5.875
- Chen, Q., Li, J., Shen, R., Wang, R., Xu, J., & Zhou, J. (2024). Career adaptability and work engagement: The roles of person–organization fit and job insecurity. BMC Psychology, 12, 562. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-02189-6
- Chillakuri, B. (2020). Understanding Generation Z expectations for effective onboarding. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 33(7), 1277–1296. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-02-2020-0058
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- Demerouti, E., & Bakker, A. B. (2023). Job demands–resources theory in times of crises: New propositions. Organizational Psychology Review, 13(3), 209–236. https://doi.org/10.1177/20413866221135022
- Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.
- Gagné, M., & Deci, E. L. (2005). Self-determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(4), 331–362. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.322
- Geisser, S. (1974). A predictive approach to the analysis of variance. Biometrika, 61(1), 101–107. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/61.1.101
- Greenhaus, J. H., Collins, K. M., & Shaw, J. D. (2003). The relationship between work–family balance and quality of life. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63(3), 510–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8791(02)00042-8
- Guo, Y., & Hou, X. (2022). The effects of job crafting on tour leaders’ work engagement: The mediating role of person–job fit and meaningfulness of work. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 34(5), 1649–1667. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-09-2021-1082
- Hsu, Y. R. (2012). Mediating roles of intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy in the relationship between perceived person-job fit and work outcomes. African Journal of Business Management, 6(7), 2616–2628. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM11.1393
- Mahmoud, A. B., Fuxman, L., Mohr, I., Reisel, W. D., & Grigoriou, N. (2021). “We aren’t your reincarnation!” Workplace motivation across X, Y and Z generations. International Journal of Manpower, 42(1), 193–209. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-09-2019-0448
- McAnally, H. M., & Hagger, M. S. (2024). Autonomous and controlled motivation in self-determination theory: Relations with workplace outcomes. Motivation and Emotion, 48(1), 79–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-023-10045-x
- Osei, L. K., Cherkasova, Y., & Oware, K. M. (2023). Unlocking the full potential of digital transformation in banking: A bibliometric review and emerging trends. Future Business Journal, 9(1), 30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-023-00182-5
- Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
- Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71–92. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015630930326
- Stone, M. (1974). Cross-validatory choice and assessment of statistical predictions. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B, 36(2), 111–133. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1974.tb00994.x
- Wood, J., Oh, J., Park, J., & Kim, W. (2020). The relationship between work engagement and work-life balance in organizations: A review of empirical research. Human Resource Development Review, 19(3), 240–262. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484320917560
- Yilmaz, B., Dinler Kısaçtutan, E., & Gürün Karatepe, S. (2024). Digital natives of the labor market: Generation Z as future leaders and their perspectives on leadership. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1378982. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1378982
References
Ahmed, S., Ashrafi, D. M., Ahmed, R., Ahmed, E., & Azim, M. (2024). How employee engagement mediates training and development and work–life balance toward job performance in private banks. The TQM Journal, 36(8), 1754–2731. https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-09-2023-0304
Al Riyami, S., Razzak, M. R., Al-Busaidi, A. S., & Palalic, R. (2023). Impact of work from home on work–life balance: Mediating effects of work–family conflict and work motivation. Heritage and Sustainable Development, 5(1), 33–52. https://doi.org/10.26480/hsd.01.2023.33.52
Alqhaiwi, Z. O., Koburtay, T., & Karatepe, O. M. (2023). Linking person–job fit and intrinsic motivation to salespeople’s service innovative behavior. Journal of Services Marketing, 37(9), 1186–1200. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSM-04-2023-0154
Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Sanz-Vergel, A. I. (2023). Job demands–resources theory: Ten years later. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 10(1), 25–53. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-120920-053933
Bindra, S., Bhattacharya, S., & Bhattacharya, S. (2025). Traditional to digital: Human resource management transformation. Journal of Work-Applied Management. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1108/JWAM-02-2025-0019
Cable, D. M., & DeRue, D. S. (2002). The convergent and discriminant validity of subjective fit perceptions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(5), 875–884. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.5.875
Chen, Q., Li, J., Shen, R., Wang, R., Xu, J., & Zhou, J. (2024). Career adaptability and work engagement: The roles of person–organization fit and job insecurity. BMC Psychology, 12, 562. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-02189-6
Chillakuri, B. (2020). Understanding Generation Z expectations for effective onboarding. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 33(7), 1277–1296. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-02-2020-0058
Christian, M. S., Garza, A. S., & Slaughter, J. E. (2011). Work engagement: A quantitative review and test of its relationships with task and contextual performance. Personnel Psychology, 64(1), 89–136. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2010.01203
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1), 54–67. https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1999.1020
Demerouti, E., & Bakker, A. B. (2023). Job demands–resources theory in times of crises: New propositions. Organizational Psychology Review, 13(3), 209–236. https://doi.org/10.1177/20413866221135022
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.
Gagné, M., & Deci, E. L. (2005). Self-determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(4), 331–362. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.322
Geisser, S. (1974). A predictive approach to the analysis of variance. Biometrika, 61(1), 101–107. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/61.1.101
Greenhaus, J. H., Collins, K. M., & Shaw, J. D. (2003). The relationship between work–family balance and quality of life. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63(3), 510–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8791(02)00042-8
Guo, Y., & Hou, X. (2022). The effects of job crafting on tour leaders’ work engagement: The mediating role of person–job fit and meaningfulness of work. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 34(5), 1649–1667. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-09-2021-1082
Hsu, Y. R. (2012). Mediating roles of intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy in the relationship between perceived person-job fit and work outcomes. African Journal of Business Management, 6(7), 2616–2628. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM11.1393
Mahmoud, A. B., Fuxman, L., Mohr, I., Reisel, W. D., & Grigoriou, N. (2021). “We aren’t your reincarnation!” Workplace motivation across X, Y and Z generations. International Journal of Manpower, 42(1), 193–209. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-09-2019-0448
McAnally, H. M., & Hagger, M. S. (2024). Autonomous and controlled motivation in self-determination theory: Relations with workplace outcomes. Motivation and Emotion, 48(1), 79–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-023-10045-x
Osei, L. K., Cherkasova, Y., & Oware, K. M. (2023). Unlocking the full potential of digital transformation in banking: A bibliometric review and emerging trends. Future Business Journal, 9(1), 30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-023-00182-5
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71–92. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015630930326
Stone, M. (1974). Cross-validatory choice and assessment of statistical predictions. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B, 36(2), 111–133. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1974.tb00994.x
Wood, J., Oh, J., Park, J., & Kim, W. (2020). The relationship between work engagement and work-life balance in organizations: A review of empirical research. Human Resource Development Review, 19(3), 240–262. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484320917560
Yilmaz, B., Dinler Kısaçtutan, E., & Gürün Karatepe, S. (2024). Digital natives of the labor market: Generation Z as future leaders and their perspectives on leadership. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1378982. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1378982