Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and brand image on partner satisfaction, both directly and indirectly through brand equity as a mediating variable. The research was conducted at PT Pelabuhan Indonesia (Persero) Regional 2 Teluk Bayur by involving all active partners totaling 125 companies using a census method. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM). The results show that CSR, brand image, and brand equity have a positive and significant effect on partner satisfaction. CSR also has a positive and significant influence on brand image and brand equity. Furthermore, brand equity is proven to mediate the relationship between CSR and brand image on partner satisfaction. The results of the Importance–Performance Map Analysis (IPMA) indicate that CSR is the variable with the highest level of importance in improving partner satisfaction compared to brand image and brand equity. The findings imply that integrating CSR into business strategy, along with consistently strengthening brand image and brand equity, is essential to support the sustainability of partnership relationships in the port sector.
Keywords
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
- Aaker, D. A. (1996). Building Strong Brands. Free Press.
- Aggarwal, A., & Saxena, N. (2023). Examining the relationship between corporate social responsibility, corporate reputation and brand equity in Indian banking industry. Journal of Public Affairs, 23(1), e2838. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2838
- Agyei, J., Sun, S., Penney, E. K., Abrokwah, E., & Ofori-Boafo, R. (2021). Linking CSR and customer engagement: The role of customer-brand identification and customer satisfaction. SAGE Open, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211040113
- Alakkas, A. A., Vivek, P., Nabi, M. K., & Khan, M. A. (2022). Corporate social responsibility and firm-based brand equity: The moderating effect of marketing communication and brand identity. Sustainability, 14(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14106033
- Angraini, F. D., Asmin, E. A., & Kartini, T. (2025). The Impact of Brand Image and Brand Awareness on Repurchase Intention Through Customer Satisfaction. International Journal of Education and Life Sciences (IJELS), 3(6), 2139–2156. https://doi.org/10.59890/ijels.v3i6.68
- Araújo, J. (2023). The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Brand Image and Brand Equity.
- Araújo, J., Pereira, I. V., & Santos, J. D. (2023). The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Brand Image and Brand Equity and Its Impact on Consumer Satisfaction. Administrative Sciences, 13(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13050118
- Azhar, A., & Adam, M. (2024). The Impact of Brand Equity , Brand Trust , And Brand Image on Brand Loyalty at Bank Syariah Indonesia in Aceh Mediated by Customer Satisfaction. International Journal of Scientific and Management Research, 07(11), 76–87. https://doi.org/10.59890/ijels.v3i6.68
- Bayur, C. T. (2024). Laporan Survey Kepuasan Mitra Tahun 2024.
- Black, W., & Babin, B. J. (2019). Multivariate data analysis: Its approach, evolution, and impact. In The great facilitator: Reflections on the contributions of Joseph F. Hair, Jr. to marketing and business research (hal. 121–130). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06031-2_16
- Bowen, H. R., Bowen, P. G., & Gond, J. P. (2013). Social Responsibilities of the Businessman. https://doi.org/10.2307/3708003
- Carroll, A. B. (1991). The pyramid of corporate social responsibility: Toward the moral management of organizational stakeholders. Business Horizons. https://doi.org/10.1177/0312896211432941
- Dananjoyo, R., & Udin, U. (2023). International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning The Effect of Sustainable Brand Equity on Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty Using Customer Trust as Mediation Variable. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 18(7), 2281–2291. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.180733
- Farsha, K., J, J., & Sulaiman. (2023). The mediation role of brand equity on the influence of attitude towards the brand and brand image on product repurchase intentions of apple iphone product in banda aceh city. International Journal of Scientific and Management Research, 6(11), 122–129. https://doi.org/10.37502/ijsmr.2023.61109
- Ghaderi, Z., Omidvar, M. S., Hosseini, S., & Hall, C. M. (2024). Corporate social responsibility, customer satisfaction, and trust in the restaurant industry . In Journal of Foodservice Business Research (Vol. 28, Nomor 6, hal. 1215–1246). https://doi.org/10.1080/15378020.2024.2318523
- Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119409137.ch4
- Hartono, C., & Tjiptodjojo, K. I. (2024). Pengaruh kesadaran dan citra merek terhadap keputusan pembelian. JIIP - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 7(3), 2691–2697. https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v7i3.3793
- Hilal, N., & Djatola, H. R. (2024). Impact of Brand Experience and Brand Image on Outlet Satisfaction with Energizer Battery Brand. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Vol., 11(1), 525–535. https:doi.org/10.33096/jmb.v11i1.611%0AABS
- Hua, C., Wu, F., Zhou, X., Duan, Q., & Zhang, N. (2024). A study on the correlation between brand image and customer satisfaction using big data analytic. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, 391, 248–254. https://doi.org/10.3233/FAIA241110
- Jannah, N., Bahri, M. I., Kismawadi, E. R., & Handriana, T. (2024). The Effect of Green Brand Image and Green Satisfaction on Green Brand Equity Mediated Green Trust Outpatient’s. Quality-Access to Success, 25(198), 381. https://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/25.198.40
- Jusuf, D. I. (2023). Utilizing Corporate Social Responsibility to Strengthen Brand Equity. Neo Journal of Economy and Social Humanities, 2(4), 271–277. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.56403/nejesh.v2i3.148
- Keller, K. L., & Swaminathan, V. (2020). Strategic Brand Management, 5th edn, Hoboken. In Pearson Education. NJ: Pearson Education.
- Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2021). Marketing Management 14-Edition. In Pearson Practice Hall.
- Kuokkanen, H., & Sun, W. (2020). Companies, meet ethical consumers: Strategic CSR management to impact consumer choice. Journal of Business Ethics, 166(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04145-4
- Latif, W. (2022). Determinants of Hotel Brand Image: A Unified Model of Customer-Based Brand Equity. International Journal of Customer Relationship Marketing and Management (IJCRMM), 13(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJCRMM.300834
- Mafael, A., Raithel, S., & Hock, S. J. (2021). Managing customer satisfaction after a product recall: The joint role of remedy, brand equity, and severity. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 50(1), 174–194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-021-00802-1
- Mehta, S. (2025). Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Its Impact on Brand Equity. Shodh sari, 04(01), 289–296. https://doi.org/10.59231/sari7793
- Napitupulua, B., Sudarnoa, & Junaedi, A. T. (2021). Budget realization as a management control tool for company performance at pt. pelabuhan indonesia I (persero) pekanbaru branch. Journal of Applied Business and Technology, 2(3), 243–250. https://doi.org/10.35145/jabt.v2i3.81
- Nguyen, N.-T. (2020). Analyzing the case of vietjet air to assess the vietnamese Customers’ airline brand equity: an empirical research study. International Journal of Analysis and Applications, 18(4), 594–613. https://doi.org/10.28924/2291-8639-18-2020-594
- Nguyen, T. H., & Tran, M. T. (2020). The Relationship Between Satisfaction, Trust, and Loyalty in B2B Context. Journal of Business Research, 120, 593–601. https://doi.org/10.1108/JABES-12-2020-0147
- Niu, L., Abdullah, Z., & Mahamed, M. (2025). Exploring Mediating Roles Between Csr and Customer Satisfaction in Hotels. Quantum Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 6(6), 268–280. https://doi.org/10.55197/qjssh.v6i6.924
- Rehman, F. U., Sharmila, M. A., & Nivedita, P. (2024). The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Enhancing Stakeholder Engagement and Business Outcomes An Empirical Study. REST Journal on Emerging trends in Modelling and Manufacturing, 10(4), 10–12. https://doi.org/10.46632/jemm/10/4/2
- Saputra, S. (2022). The influence of brand awareness, brand image, perceived quality and brand loyalty on brand equity in banking sector. Journal Of Business Studies And Mangement Review, 5(2), 319–326. https://doi.org/10.22437/jbsmr.v5i2.17576
- Sari, I. T. P., Rahayu, A., Hendrayati, H., & Rauf, M. I. A. (2024). An Analysis of Brand Image Implications to Consumer-Based Brand Equity: An Evidence of A Smartphone Product. Almana: Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis, 8(3), 615–622. https://doi.org/10.36555/almana.v8i3.2728
- Shimp, T. A. (2007). Integrated marketing communications in advertising and promotion. Thomson South-Western.
- Stäbler, S., Himme, A., Edeling, A., & Backhaus, M. (2023). How firm communication affects the impact of layoff announcements on brand strength over time. In International Journal of Research in Marketing (Vol. 40, Nomor 3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2023.06.002
- Sudarman, E., Madiistriyatno, H., & Sudarman, I. (2021). Investigations of customer loyalty: strengthening product quality, brand image and customer satisfaction. MIX: Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, 11(01), 349338. dx.doi.org/10.22441/mix.2021.v11i1.006
- Sugiyono, P. D. (2020). Metode penelitian pendidikan (kuantitatif, kualitatif, kombinasi, R&D dan penelitian pendidikan). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan, 67.
- Tahir, A. H., Adnan, M., & Saeed, Z. (2024). The impact of brand image on customer satisfaction and brand loyalty : A systematic literature review. Heliyon, 10(16), e36254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36254
- Topor, D. I., Maican, S. Ștefania, Paștiu, C. A., Pugna, I. B., & Solovăstru, M. Ștefan. (2022). Using csr communication through social media for developing long-term customer relationships. The case of romanian consumers. Economic Computation and Economic Cybernetics Studies and Research, 56(2), 255–272. https://doi.org/10.24818/18423264/56.2.22.17
- Tran, P. K. T., Nguyen, V. K., & Tran, V. T. (2020). Brand equity and customer satisfaction: a comparative analysis of international and domestic tourists in Vietnam. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 30(1), 180–194. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-08-2019-2540
- Uliyah, P. R., & Asiah, N. (2024). Service Quality and Brand Equity Influence on Customer Satisfaction in Pegadaian Syariah Digital Simpang Peut. Economic: Journal Economic and Business, 3(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/1939-6104-19-2-522
- Wadyatenti, M. A. D. V., & Pranatasari, F. D. (2025). Analysis of Green Brand Image on Green Brand Equity With Green Trust, Green Satisfaction, And Green Perceived Value As Mediation. Dinasti International Journal of Economics, Finance & Accounting (DIJEFA), 5(6). https://doi.org/10.38035/dijefa.v5i6.3817
- Wang, C., Zhang, T., Tian, R., Wang, R., Alam, F., Hossain, B., & Csaba, B. (2024). Heliyon Corporate social Responsibility ’ s impact on passenger loyalty and satisfaction in the Chinese airport industry : The moderating role of green HRM. Heliyon, 10, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23360
- Wilson, A., Zeithaml, V., Bitner, M. J., & Gremler, D. (2020). EBK: Services marketing: Integrating customer service across the firm 4e. McGraw Hill.
References
Aaker, D. A. (1996). Building Strong Brands. Free Press.
Aggarwal, A., & Saxena, N. (2023). Examining the relationship between corporate social responsibility, corporate reputation and brand equity in Indian banking industry. Journal of Public Affairs, 23(1), e2838. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2838
Agyei, J., Sun, S., Penney, E. K., Abrokwah, E., & Ofori-Boafo, R. (2021). Linking CSR and customer engagement: The role of customer-brand identification and customer satisfaction. SAGE Open, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211040113
Alakkas, A. A., Vivek, P., Nabi, M. K., & Khan, M. A. (2022). Corporate social responsibility and firm-based brand equity: The moderating effect of marketing communication and brand identity. Sustainability, 14(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14106033
Angraini, F. D., Asmin, E. A., & Kartini, T. (2025). The Impact of Brand Image and Brand Awareness on Repurchase Intention Through Customer Satisfaction. International Journal of Education and Life Sciences (IJELS), 3(6), 2139–2156. https://doi.org/10.59890/ijels.v3i6.68
Araújo, J. (2023). The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Brand Image and Brand Equity.
Araújo, J., Pereira, I. V., & Santos, J. D. (2023). The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Brand Image and Brand Equity and Its Impact on Consumer Satisfaction. Administrative Sciences, 13(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13050118
Azhar, A., & Adam, M. (2024). The Impact of Brand Equity , Brand Trust , And Brand Image on Brand Loyalty at Bank Syariah Indonesia in Aceh Mediated by Customer Satisfaction. International Journal of Scientific and Management Research, 07(11), 76–87. https://doi.org/10.59890/ijels.v3i6.68
Bayur, C. T. (2024). Laporan Survey Kepuasan Mitra Tahun 2024.
Black, W., & Babin, B. J. (2019). Multivariate data analysis: Its approach, evolution, and impact. In The great facilitator: Reflections on the contributions of Joseph F. Hair, Jr. to marketing and business research (hal. 121–130). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06031-2_16
Bowen, H. R., Bowen, P. G., & Gond, J. P. (2013). Social Responsibilities of the Businessman. https://doi.org/10.2307/3708003
Carroll, A. B. (1991). The pyramid of corporate social responsibility: Toward the moral management of organizational stakeholders. Business Horizons. https://doi.org/10.1177/0312896211432941
Dananjoyo, R., & Udin, U. (2023). International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning The Effect of Sustainable Brand Equity on Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty Using Customer Trust as Mediation Variable. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 18(7), 2281–2291. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.180733
Farsha, K., J, J., & Sulaiman. (2023). The mediation role of brand equity on the influence of attitude towards the brand and brand image on product repurchase intentions of apple iphone product in banda aceh city. International Journal of Scientific and Management Research, 6(11), 122–129. https://doi.org/10.37502/ijsmr.2023.61109
Ghaderi, Z., Omidvar, M. S., Hosseini, S., & Hall, C. M. (2024). Corporate social responsibility, customer satisfaction, and trust in the restaurant industry . In Journal of Foodservice Business Research (Vol. 28, Nomor 6, hal. 1215–1246). https://doi.org/10.1080/15378020.2024.2318523
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119409137.ch4
Hartono, C., & Tjiptodjojo, K. I. (2024). Pengaruh kesadaran dan citra merek terhadap keputusan pembelian. JIIP - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 7(3), 2691–2697. https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v7i3.3793
Hilal, N., & Djatola, H. R. (2024). Impact of Brand Experience and Brand Image on Outlet Satisfaction with Energizer Battery Brand. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Vol., 11(1), 525–535. https:doi.org/10.33096/jmb.v11i1.611%0AABS
Hua, C., Wu, F., Zhou, X., Duan, Q., & Zhang, N. (2024). A study on the correlation between brand image and customer satisfaction using big data analytic. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, 391, 248–254. https://doi.org/10.3233/FAIA241110
Jannah, N., Bahri, M. I., Kismawadi, E. R., & Handriana, T. (2024). The Effect of Green Brand Image and Green Satisfaction on Green Brand Equity Mediated Green Trust Outpatient’s. Quality-Access to Success, 25(198), 381. https://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/25.198.40
Jusuf, D. I. (2023). Utilizing Corporate Social Responsibility to Strengthen Brand Equity. Neo Journal of Economy and Social Humanities, 2(4), 271–277. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.56403/nejesh.v2i3.148
Keller, K. L., & Swaminathan, V. (2020). Strategic Brand Management, 5th edn, Hoboken. In Pearson Education. NJ: Pearson Education.
Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2021). Marketing Management 14-Edition. In Pearson Practice Hall.
Kuokkanen, H., & Sun, W. (2020). Companies, meet ethical consumers: Strategic CSR management to impact consumer choice. Journal of Business Ethics, 166(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04145-4
Latif, W. (2022). Determinants of Hotel Brand Image: A Unified Model of Customer-Based Brand Equity. International Journal of Customer Relationship Marketing and Management (IJCRMM), 13(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJCRMM.300834
Mafael, A., Raithel, S., & Hock, S. J. (2021). Managing customer satisfaction after a product recall: The joint role of remedy, brand equity, and severity. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 50(1), 174–194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-021-00802-1
Mehta, S. (2025). Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Its Impact on Brand Equity. Shodh sari, 04(01), 289–296. https://doi.org/10.59231/sari7793
Napitupulua, B., Sudarnoa, & Junaedi, A. T. (2021). Budget realization as a management control tool for company performance at pt. pelabuhan indonesia I (persero) pekanbaru branch. Journal of Applied Business and Technology, 2(3), 243–250. https://doi.org/10.35145/jabt.v2i3.81
Nguyen, N.-T. (2020). Analyzing the case of vietjet air to assess the vietnamese Customers’ airline brand equity: an empirical research study. International Journal of Analysis and Applications, 18(4), 594–613. https://doi.org/10.28924/2291-8639-18-2020-594
Nguyen, T. H., & Tran, M. T. (2020). The Relationship Between Satisfaction, Trust, and Loyalty in B2B Context. Journal of Business Research, 120, 593–601. https://doi.org/10.1108/JABES-12-2020-0147
Niu, L., Abdullah, Z., & Mahamed, M. (2025). Exploring Mediating Roles Between Csr and Customer Satisfaction in Hotels. Quantum Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 6(6), 268–280. https://doi.org/10.55197/qjssh.v6i6.924
Rehman, F. U., Sharmila, M. A., & Nivedita, P. (2024). The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Enhancing Stakeholder Engagement and Business Outcomes An Empirical Study. REST Journal on Emerging trends in Modelling and Manufacturing, 10(4), 10–12. https://doi.org/10.46632/jemm/10/4/2
Saputra, S. (2022). The influence of brand awareness, brand image, perceived quality and brand loyalty on brand equity in banking sector. Journal Of Business Studies And Mangement Review, 5(2), 319–326. https://doi.org/10.22437/jbsmr.v5i2.17576
Sari, I. T. P., Rahayu, A., Hendrayati, H., & Rauf, M. I. A. (2024). An Analysis of Brand Image Implications to Consumer-Based Brand Equity: An Evidence of A Smartphone Product. Almana: Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis, 8(3), 615–622. https://doi.org/10.36555/almana.v8i3.2728
Shimp, T. A. (2007). Integrated marketing communications in advertising and promotion. Thomson South-Western.
Stäbler, S., Himme, A., Edeling, A., & Backhaus, M. (2023). How firm communication affects the impact of layoff announcements on brand strength over time. In International Journal of Research in Marketing (Vol. 40, Nomor 3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2023.06.002
Sudarman, E., Madiistriyatno, H., & Sudarman, I. (2021). Investigations of customer loyalty: strengthening product quality, brand image and customer satisfaction. MIX: Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, 11(01), 349338. dx.doi.org/10.22441/mix.2021.v11i1.006
Sugiyono, P. D. (2020). Metode penelitian pendidikan (kuantitatif, kualitatif, kombinasi, R&D dan penelitian pendidikan). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan, 67.
Tahir, A. H., Adnan, M., & Saeed, Z. (2024). The impact of brand image on customer satisfaction and brand loyalty : A systematic literature review. Heliyon, 10(16), e36254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36254
Topor, D. I., Maican, S. Ștefania, Paștiu, C. A., Pugna, I. B., & Solovăstru, M. Ștefan. (2022). Using csr communication through social media for developing long-term customer relationships. The case of romanian consumers. Economic Computation and Economic Cybernetics Studies and Research, 56(2), 255–272. https://doi.org/10.24818/18423264/56.2.22.17
Tran, P. K. T., Nguyen, V. K., & Tran, V. T. (2020). Brand equity and customer satisfaction: a comparative analysis of international and domestic tourists in Vietnam. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 30(1), 180–194. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-08-2019-2540
Uliyah, P. R., & Asiah, N. (2024). Service Quality and Brand Equity Influence on Customer Satisfaction in Pegadaian Syariah Digital Simpang Peut. Economic: Journal Economic and Business, 3(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/1939-6104-19-2-522
Wadyatenti, M. A. D. V., & Pranatasari, F. D. (2025). Analysis of Green Brand Image on Green Brand Equity With Green Trust, Green Satisfaction, And Green Perceived Value As Mediation. Dinasti International Journal of Economics, Finance & Accounting (DIJEFA), 5(6). https://doi.org/10.38035/dijefa.v5i6.3817
Wang, C., Zhang, T., Tian, R., Wang, R., Alam, F., Hossain, B., & Csaba, B. (2024). Heliyon Corporate social Responsibility ’ s impact on passenger loyalty and satisfaction in the Chinese airport industry : The moderating role of green HRM. Heliyon, 10, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23360
Wilson, A., Zeithaml, V., Bitner, M. J., & Gremler, D. (2020). EBK: Services marketing: Integrating customer service across the firm 4e. McGraw Hill.