Main Article Content
Abstract
This research uses the sustained time restriction as a tool for professional skepticism and looks at how auditor independence and competence affect auditing. SEM AMOS analysis and a survey of 113 auditors in Malang Raya revealed that autonomous work and auditor competence had a substantial influence on skepticism. Better auditing was accomplished, nevertheless. The continuum between competent performance and audit quality is preserved by professional skepticism. The quality and skepticism of audits are not significantly impacted by time constraints. The findings imply that extrinsic limitations like time limits are less significant than the auditor's inner qualities, such as competence, proficiency, and skepticism. The investigation of audit practice illumination, auditor skepticism clarification, and profitability skepticism is still on going.
Keywords
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
- Adhikara, Arrozi M. F., & Widodo, A. M. (2023). Public accountant professional skepticism behavior in improving audit quality: A path analysis. JEMA: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Akuntansi dan Manajemen, 20(2), 264-282. doi: 10.31106/jema.v20i2.20616
- Adikaram, R., & Higgs, J. (2024). Cognitive dissonance and auditor professional skepticism. Managerial Auditing Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/maj-08-2022-3653.
- Adziem, F. (2016). Pengaruh moral reasoning, skeptisme profesional dan kecerdasan spiritual terhadap kualitas audit dengan pengalaman kerja auditor sebagai variabel moderating pada inspektorat provinsi sulawesi selatan. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Peradaban, 2(1).
- Agustina, F., & Rusydi, M. K. (2021). Auditors' professional skepticism and fraud detection. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 10(4), 275-287. DOI:10.20525/ijrbs.v10i4.1214
- Ainun, S., & Djamil, N. (2024). Audit Quality: The Impact of Auditor Competence, Independence, and Professionalism with Evidence Competence as Mediator. JAWI: Journal of Ahkam Wa Iqtishad, 2(3), 422-432. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13857228
- Al-Qatamin, K. I. (2020). The impact of time pressure on the audit quality: A case study in Jordan. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 22(1), 8–16. DOI:10.9790/487X-2201050816
- Al-Rawashdeh, H. A., Zureigat, B. N., Alrawashedh, N. H., Rabie, A., Zraqat, O., Hussien, L. F., Zureigat, Q., & Alrashidi, M. (2024). The moderating role of professional commitment in the relationship between time budget pressure and sustainable audit quality: The mediating role of professional skepticism. Heritage and Sustainable Development, 6(1), 365–378. https://doi.org/10.37868/hsd.v6i1.475
- Anugerah, R., & Akbar, S.H. (2014). Pengaruh Kompetensi, Kompleksitas Tugas Dan Skeptisme Professional Terhadap Kualitas Audit. Jurnal Akuntansi, 2(2), 139–148.
- Arens, Alvin A., Elder, Randal J., Beasley, Mark S., Hogan, Chris E.. (2017). Auditing and assurance services : an integrated approach 16th ed. (16th ed.). England: Pearson.
- Arisinta, O. (2013). Pengaruh kompetensi, independensi, time budget pressure, dan audit fee terhadap kualitas audit pada kantor akuntan publik di Surabaya. Majalah Ekonomi Universitas Airlangga, 23(3), 3989.
- Aswar, K., Akbar, F. G., Wiguna, M., & Hariyani, E. (2021). Determinants of audit quality: Role of time budget pressure. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 19(2), 290-302. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(2).2021.25
- Awotomilusi, Niyi Solomon. (2022). Time Pressure Influence and Audit Quality of Audit Firms in Abuja, Nigeria. International Journal of Management, Accounting and Economics, 9(11), 686–702. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7416140
- Broberg, P., Tagesson, T., Argento, D., Gyllengahm, N., & Mårtensson, O. (2017). Explaining the influence of time budget pressure on audit quality in Sweden. Journal of Management & Governance, 21(2), 331-350. DOI:10.1007/s10997-016-9346-4
- Coram, P., Ng, J., & Woodliff, D. R. (2004). The effect of risk of misstatement on the propensity to commit reduced audit quality acts under time budget pressure. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 23(2), 159-167. https://doi.org/10.2308/aud.2004.23.2.159
- Cui, J., Eutsler, J., Kipp, P. C., & Robertson, J. C. (2025). The effects of an audit partner’s communication medium and use of worked examples on auditors’ skeptical judgments and actions. Journal of Information Systems, 39(3), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.2308/ISYS-2023-028
- DeFond, M., & Zhang, J. (2014). A review of archival auditing research. Journal of accounting and economics, 58(2-3), 275-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2014.09.002
- DeZoort, F.T. and Lord, A.T. (1997) A Review and Synthesis of Pressure Effects Research in Accounting. Journal of Accounting Literature, 16, 28-86.
- Dong, B., Tate, S. L., & Xu, L. E. (2020). Unexpected consequences: the effects on non-accelerated filers of an accelerated filing deadline and SOX section 404. Accounting Horizons, 34(3), 87-112.
- DOI: 10.2308/horizons-18-066
- Ettredge, M. L., Li, C., & Sun, L. (2006). The impact of SOX Section 404 internal control quality assessment on audit delay in the SOX era. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 25(2), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.2308/aud.2006.25.2.1
- Festiger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Row, Peterson, New York.
- Ghani, E. K., Jabal, Z. A., Zandi, G., & Hye, Q. M. A. (2022). Effects of knowledge, time pressure and personality on professional skepticism among government auditors. International Journal of Applied Economics, Finance and Accounting, 12(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.33094/ijaefa.v12i1.514
- Giany, N. A., & Hidayah, N. (2023). The effect of auditor competence and auditor independence on audit quality with auditor ethics as a moderating variable. International Journal of Humanities Education and Social Sciences, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.55227/ijhess.v3i2.709.
- Gunawan, D., & Lestari, M. A. (2025). Impact of auditor independence, professionalism, and skepticism on audit quality. Advances in Accounting Innovation, 1(2), 178-187.
- Hall, J. A., & Singleton, T. (2007). Information technology auditing and assurance: Audit dan assurance teknologi informasi (Ed. 2, Buku 1 & 2). Jakarta: Salemba Empat
- Hamshari, Y. M., Ali, H. Y., & Alqam, M. A. (2021). The relationship of professional skepticism to the risks of auditing and internal control, and the discovery of fraud and core errors in the financial statements in Jordan. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 10(2), 105-105. DOI: 10.36941/ajis-2021-0042
- Handoko, B. L., & Pamungkas, H. R. (2020). Effect of independence, time budget pressure, and auditor ethics on audit quality. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(9), 1-6.
- Heider, F. (1958). The psychology of interpersonal relations. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
- Herrbach, O. (2001). Audit quality, auditor behaviour and the psychological contract. European accounting review, 10(4), 787-802. https://doi.org/10.1080/0963818012740
- Hien, N., & Tuan, D. (2025). The impact of accountability pressure and time budget on the quality of audit services of independent auditors. Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v9i2.4496
- Hubais, A., Kadir, M., & Bilal, Z. (2023). The Impact of Auditor's Independence, Ethics, and Competency in Audit Quality: Using Auditor's Integrity as a Mediator in the Sultanate of Oman. WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER RESEARCH. https://doi.org/10.37394/232018.2023.11.40.
- Hurtt, R. K. (2010). Development of a scale to measure professional skepticism. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 29(1), 149-171. https://doi.org/10.2308/aud.2010.29.1.149
- Hurtt, R. K., Brown-Liburd, H., Earley, C. E., & Krishnamoorthy, G. (2013). Research on auditor professional skepticism: Literature synthesis and opportunities for future research. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 32(Supplement 1), 45-97. https://doi.org/10.2308/ajpt-50361
- Hussin, S. A. H. S., Iskandar, T. M., Saleh, N. M., & Jaffar, R. (2017). Professional Skepticism and Auditors' Assessment of Misstatement Risks: The Moderating Effect of Experience and Time Budget Pressure. Economics & Sociology, 10(4), 225–250. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2017/10-4/17
- IAASB, I. (2015). 200 Overall Objectives of the Independent Auditor and the Conduct of an Audit in Accordance with International Standards on Auditing. The International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board, New York.
- IAASB. (2022). International Standard on Auditing (ISA) 200, Overall Objectives of the Independent Auditor and the Conduct of an Audit in Accordance with International Standards on Auditing.
- Institut Akuntan Publik Indonesia, (2021).Kode Etik Profesi Akuntan Publik 2021. In Standar Profesional Akuntan Publik.
- Johari, R. J., Mohd Hairudin, N. A., & Dawood, A. K. (2022). Analysis of factors affecting dysfunctional audit behavior in Malaysia. International Journal of Ethics and Systems. [Advance online publication]. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-01-2022-0004
- Kelley, H. H. (1973). The processes of causal attribution. American Psychologist, 28(2), 107–128. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0034225
- Kelley, T., & Margheim, L. (2002). The relationships between senior auditor budget participation, job structuring, job consideration and staff auditor time budget pressure. Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR), 18(2).
- Khulsum, U., Suryanto, T., Ali, J., & Wardana, H. Y. (2025). Breaking barriers in audit quality: The dynamic interactions of competence, time budget pressure, complexity, and motivation in Indonesia landscape. Social Sciences and Humanities Open. [Advance online publication]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.100999
- Knechel, W. R., & Sharma, D. S. (2012). Auditor-Provided Nonaudit Services and Audit Effectiveness and Efficiency: Evidence from Pre-and Post-SOX Audit Report Lags. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 3, 85-114.https://doi.org/10.2308/ajpt-10298
- Knechel, W. R., Niemi, L., & Zerni, M. (2013). Empirical evidence on the implicit determinants of compensation in Big 4 audit partnerships. Journal of Accounting Research, 51(2), 349-387. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12009
- Kusumawati, A., & Syamsuddin, S. (2018). The effect of auditor quality to professional skepticism and its relationship to audit quality. International Journal of Law and Management, 60(6), 1465-1475. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-03-2017-0066
- Kyriakou, Maria & Dimitras, Augustinos. (2018). Impact of auditor tenure on audit quality: European evidence. Investment Management and Financial Innovations. 15. 374-386. 10.21511/imfi.15(1).2018.31. DOI:10.21511/imfi.15(1).2018.31
- Lamba, R. A., Seralurin, Y. C., Lamba, A., & Pattiasina, V. (2020). The effect of auditor independence and ethics on auditor professional scepticism: Its implications for audit quality in Indonesia. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 13(10), 210-227.
- Lannai, D., Hajering, H., & Ahmad, H. (2025). Audit quality model moderated by professional skepticism: Determinants of professional ethics and auditor experience. Theoretical and Practical Research in the Economic Fields, 16(1), 112-125. https://doi.org/10.14505/tpref.v16.1(31).10
- Lismawati, L., Rohman, A., & Chariri, A. (2017). Developing improvement of auditor’s performance model using professional skepticism and auditors’ comfort as a mediator. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(11), 1-10.
- Lord, A. T., & DeZoort, F. T. (2001). The impact of commitment and moral reasoning on auditors' responses to social influence pressure. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 26(3), 215-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0361-3682(00)00022-2
- Mahdi, S. A. R., Nurkholis, N., Prihatiningtias, Y. W., & Baridwan, Z. (2023). Moderation of political pressure on the determinants of audit quality in the public sector: A study of BPK auditors for the Maluku and North Sulawesi regions. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Auditing Indonesia, 27(1), 45-60. https://doi.org/10.1234/jaai.v27i1.5678*
- Mardijuwono, A.W., & Subianto, C. (2018). Independence, Professionalism, Professional Skepticism: The Relation Toward the Resulted Audit Quality. Asian Journal of Accounting Research. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-06-2018-0009
- Mashayekhi, B., & Mohammed, Y. (2024). Perceived Internal Audit Quality and External Auditors’ Attributes in Iranian and Iraqi Banks. Journal of Risk and Financial Management. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm18010003.
- Maulida, K., & Novianti, N. (2023). Audit Experience, Independence, and Professional Skepticism Against Fraud Detection: Time Pressure as a Moderating Factor. Asia Pacific Fraud Journal. https://doi.org/10.21532/apfjournal.v8i2.331.
- Mautz, R. K., & Sharaf, H. A. (1961). The philosophy of auditing. (No Title).
- McDaniel, L.S. (1990) The Effects of Time Pressure and Audit Program Structure on Audit Performance. Journal of Accounting Research, 28, 267-285. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2491150
- Meidawati, N., & Assidiqi, A. (2019). The influences of audit fees, competence, independence, auditor ethics, and time budget pressure on audit quality. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Auditing Indonesia, 117-128. https://doi.org/10.20885/jaai.vol23.iss2.art6
- Nainggolan, C. D., Tan, E., & Lee, A. (2025). The influence of auditor’s professional skepticism on audit quality. Journal of Management and Finance, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.70177/jmf.v3i1.2133
- Nehme, R., Michael, A., & Haslam, J. (2021). The impact of time budget and time deadline pressures on audit behaviour: UK evidence. Meditari Accountancy Research. https://doi.org/10.1108/medar-09-2019-0550.
- Nelson, M. W. (2009). A model and literature review of professional skepticism in auditing. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 28(2), 1–34, https://doi.org/10.2308/aud.2009.28.2.1
- Nouraldeen, R. M. (2025). Competent and independent auditors but cannot detect fraud!! Do they exercise professional skepticism? International Journal of Disclosure and Governance. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41310-025-00296-1
- Pattiasina, V., Latuheru, A., & Ariani, D. (2019). Auditor skepticism: Papuan case. International journal of business, economics & management. https://doi.org/10.31295/ijbem.v2n1.46
- Prihantini , Ayunda, N. P., Yadnyana, I. K. ., Sujana, I. K. ., & Adi Erawati, N. M. . (2024). Psychological Capital as A Moderating Influence of Budget Participation and Transformational Leadership Style on Managerial Performance of Star Hotels. Journal Research of Social Science, Economics, and Management, 4(3), 383–400. https://doi.org/10.59141/jrssem.v4i3.723
- Prihartini, A. K., Sulindawati, N. L. G. E., SE Ak, M., Darmawan, N. A. S., & SE, A. (2015). Pengaruh Kompetensi, Independensi, Obyektivitas, Integritas Dan Akuntabilitas Terhadap Kualitas Audit Di Pemerintah Daerah (Studi Empiris Pada 5 Kantor Inspektorat Provinsi Bali). JIMAT (Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Akuntansi) Undiksha, 3(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.23887/jimat.v3i1.5383
- Rasuli, M., Zarefar, A., Zarefar, A., & Johari, R. J. (2024). Professional Scepticism, Independence, Information Technology, Auditor Competence, And Audit Quality. Jurnal Reviu Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 14(1), 243-257. https://doi.org/10.22219/jrak.v14i1.29963
- Sawaya, C., Al Maalouf, N. J., Hanoun, R., & Rakwi, M. (2025). Impact of auditor independence, expertise, and industry experience on financial reporting quality. Asia Pacific Management Review, 30, 100357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2025.100357
- Shaub, M. K., & Lawrence, J. E. (1999). Differences in auditors’ professional skepticism across career levels in the firm. Advances in Accounting Behavioral Research, 2(1), 61-83.
- Siriwardane, H. P., Kin Hoi Hu, B., & Low, K. Y. (2014). Skills, knowledge, and attitudes important for present‐day auditors. International Journal of Auditing, 18(3), 193-205. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijau.12023
- Srimindarti, C., Ashobah, S. N. F., Hardiningsih, P., & Yunianto, A. (2022). Does Moral Reasoning Moderate Audit Quality Determinants?. International Journal of Applied Economics, Finance and Accounting, 14(2), 162-169. DOI:10.33094/ijaefa.v14i2.693
- Subawa, N. S., Ningrat, F. A., Utami, M. S. M., Prabarini, N. S. D., Yanti, N. K. W., & Basmantra, I. N. (2023, May). Auditors ability in detecting fraud: Evidence from external auditor in Bali. In International Conference on Business and Technology (pp. 506-515). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
- Susanto, Y., Riwukore, J. R., Astri Riance, S., & Habaora, F. (2020). The Effect Of Complexity Of The Competence Independence Task On Integrity Of The Implication In The Quality Result Auditor Examination In North Musirawas District. international journal of scientific & technology research, 9, 3591-3597.
- Svanberg, J., & Öhman, P. (2013). Auditors' time pressure: Does ethical culture support audit quality?. Managerial auditing journal, 28(7), 572-591. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-10-2012-0761
- Svanberg, J., & Öhman, P. (2016). The effects of time budget pressure, organisational-professional conflict, and organisational commitment on dysfunctional auditor behaviour. International Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Performance Evaluation, 12(2), 131-150. DOI: 10.1504/IJAAPE.2016.075619
- Svanström, T. (2016). Time pressure, training activities and dysfunctional auditor behaviour: evidence from small audit firms. International Journal of Auditing, 20(1), 42-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijau.12054
- Syahrani, N. A., Shaleh, M., & Razak, R. (2023). Pengaruh kompetensi, independensi, dan time budget pressure terhadap kualitas audit pada Inspektorat Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Paradoks: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 6(1), 13-26.
- Ta, T. T., Doan, T. N., Pham, D. C., & Tran, H. N. (2022). Factors affecting the professional skepticism of independent auditors in Viet Nam. Cogent Business & Management, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2059043
- Umar, Ahson & Anandarajan, Asokan. 2004. "Dimensions of pressures faced by auditors and its impact on auditors’ independence," Managerial Auditing Journal, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 19(1): 99-116,.
- Utari, W., Iswoyo, A., Chamariyah, W., Mardiana, F.,Rusdiyanto, & Hidayat, W. (2021). Effect Of Work Training, Competency and Job Satisfaction on Employee Productivity: A Case Study Indonesia. Review of International Geographical Education Online, 11(4), 696–711. https://doi.org/10.33403/rigeo.8006783
- Wahidahwati, W., & Asyik, N. F. (2022). Determinants of Auditors Ability in Fraud Detection. Cogent Business & Management, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2130165
- Wardhani, W., & Astika, P. (2018). Pengaruh Kompetensi, Akuntabilitas dan Independnsi pada Kualitas Audit dengan Fee Audit Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. E-Jurnal Akuntansi. 2(3), 1-23.
- Wicaksono Agus, D., & Lastanti, H. S. (2025). Pengaruh independensi auditor, skeptisisme profesional, kompetensi auditor dan pengalaman auditor terhadap kualitas audit dengan etika auditor sebagai variabel moderasi. Journal of Accounting and Finance Management (JAFM), 6(3), July–August. https://doi.org/10.38035/jafm.v6i3
- Yustina, A. I. and S. A. Gonadi, "The Negative Effect of Time Budget Pressure to Auditor Independence and Professional Skepticism," Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 38-48, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.9744/jak.21.1.38-48
- Zainudin, A. D. P. A., Aswar, K., Lastiningsih, N., Sumardjo, M., & Taufik, T. (2021). Analysis of potential factors influencing audit quality: The moderating effect of time budget pressure. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 19(4), 420-433. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(4).2021.42
References
Adhikara, Arrozi M. F., & Widodo, A. M. (2023). Public accountant professional skepticism behavior in improving audit quality: A path analysis. JEMA: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Akuntansi dan Manajemen, 20(2), 264-282. doi: 10.31106/jema.v20i2.20616
Adikaram, R., & Higgs, J. (2024). Cognitive dissonance and auditor professional skepticism. Managerial Auditing Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/maj-08-2022-3653.
Adziem, F. (2016). Pengaruh moral reasoning, skeptisme profesional dan kecerdasan spiritual terhadap kualitas audit dengan pengalaman kerja auditor sebagai variabel moderating pada inspektorat provinsi sulawesi selatan. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Peradaban, 2(1).
Agustina, F., & Rusydi, M. K. (2021). Auditors' professional skepticism and fraud detection. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 10(4), 275-287. DOI:10.20525/ijrbs.v10i4.1214
Ainun, S., & Djamil, N. (2024). Audit Quality: The Impact of Auditor Competence, Independence, and Professionalism with Evidence Competence as Mediator. JAWI: Journal of Ahkam Wa Iqtishad, 2(3), 422-432. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13857228
Al-Qatamin, K. I. (2020). The impact of time pressure on the audit quality: A case study in Jordan. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 22(1), 8–16. DOI:10.9790/487X-2201050816
Al-Rawashdeh, H. A., Zureigat, B. N., Alrawashedh, N. H., Rabie, A., Zraqat, O., Hussien, L. F., Zureigat, Q., & Alrashidi, M. (2024). The moderating role of professional commitment in the relationship between time budget pressure and sustainable audit quality: The mediating role of professional skepticism. Heritage and Sustainable Development, 6(1), 365–378. https://doi.org/10.37868/hsd.v6i1.475
Anugerah, R., & Akbar, S.H. (2014). Pengaruh Kompetensi, Kompleksitas Tugas Dan Skeptisme Professional Terhadap Kualitas Audit. Jurnal Akuntansi, 2(2), 139–148.
Arens, Alvin A., Elder, Randal J., Beasley, Mark S., Hogan, Chris E.. (2017). Auditing and assurance services : an integrated approach 16th ed. (16th ed.). England: Pearson.
Arisinta, O. (2013). Pengaruh kompetensi, independensi, time budget pressure, dan audit fee terhadap kualitas audit pada kantor akuntan publik di Surabaya. Majalah Ekonomi Universitas Airlangga, 23(3), 3989.
Aswar, K., Akbar, F. G., Wiguna, M., & Hariyani, E. (2021). Determinants of audit quality: Role of time budget pressure. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 19(2), 290-302. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(2).2021.25
Awotomilusi, Niyi Solomon. (2022). Time Pressure Influence and Audit Quality of Audit Firms in Abuja, Nigeria. International Journal of Management, Accounting and Economics, 9(11), 686–702. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7416140
Broberg, P., Tagesson, T., Argento, D., Gyllengahm, N., & Mårtensson, O. (2017). Explaining the influence of time budget pressure on audit quality in Sweden. Journal of Management & Governance, 21(2), 331-350. DOI:10.1007/s10997-016-9346-4
Coram, P., Ng, J., & Woodliff, D. R. (2004). The effect of risk of misstatement on the propensity to commit reduced audit quality acts under time budget pressure. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 23(2), 159-167. https://doi.org/10.2308/aud.2004.23.2.159
Cui, J., Eutsler, J., Kipp, P. C., & Robertson, J. C. (2025). The effects of an audit partner’s communication medium and use of worked examples on auditors’ skeptical judgments and actions. Journal of Information Systems, 39(3), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.2308/ISYS-2023-028
DeFond, M., & Zhang, J. (2014). A review of archival auditing research. Journal of accounting and economics, 58(2-3), 275-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2014.09.002
DeZoort, F.T. and Lord, A.T. (1997) A Review and Synthesis of Pressure Effects Research in Accounting. Journal of Accounting Literature, 16, 28-86.
Dong, B., Tate, S. L., & Xu, L. E. (2020). Unexpected consequences: the effects on non-accelerated filers of an accelerated filing deadline and SOX section 404. Accounting Horizons, 34(3), 87-112.
DOI: 10.2308/horizons-18-066
Ettredge, M. L., Li, C., & Sun, L. (2006). The impact of SOX Section 404 internal control quality assessment on audit delay in the SOX era. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 25(2), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.2308/aud.2006.25.2.1
Festiger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Row, Peterson, New York.
Ghani, E. K., Jabal, Z. A., Zandi, G., & Hye, Q. M. A. (2022). Effects of knowledge, time pressure and personality on professional skepticism among government auditors. International Journal of Applied Economics, Finance and Accounting, 12(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.33094/ijaefa.v12i1.514
Giany, N. A., & Hidayah, N. (2023). The effect of auditor competence and auditor independence on audit quality with auditor ethics as a moderating variable. International Journal of Humanities Education and Social Sciences, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.55227/ijhess.v3i2.709.
Gunawan, D., & Lestari, M. A. (2025). Impact of auditor independence, professionalism, and skepticism on audit quality. Advances in Accounting Innovation, 1(2), 178-187.
Hall, J. A., & Singleton, T. (2007). Information technology auditing and assurance: Audit dan assurance teknologi informasi (Ed. 2, Buku 1 & 2). Jakarta: Salemba Empat
Hamshari, Y. M., Ali, H. Y., & Alqam, M. A. (2021). The relationship of professional skepticism to the risks of auditing and internal control, and the discovery of fraud and core errors in the financial statements in Jordan. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 10(2), 105-105. DOI: 10.36941/ajis-2021-0042
Handoko, B. L., & Pamungkas, H. R. (2020). Effect of independence, time budget pressure, and auditor ethics on audit quality. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(9), 1-6.
Heider, F. (1958). The psychology of interpersonal relations. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Herrbach, O. (2001). Audit quality, auditor behaviour and the psychological contract. European accounting review, 10(4), 787-802. https://doi.org/10.1080/0963818012740
Hien, N., & Tuan, D. (2025). The impact of accountability pressure and time budget on the quality of audit services of independent auditors. Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v9i2.4496
Hubais, A., Kadir, M., & Bilal, Z. (2023). The Impact of Auditor's Independence, Ethics, and Competency in Audit Quality: Using Auditor's Integrity as a Mediator in the Sultanate of Oman. WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER RESEARCH. https://doi.org/10.37394/232018.2023.11.40.
Hurtt, R. K. (2010). Development of a scale to measure professional skepticism. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 29(1), 149-171. https://doi.org/10.2308/aud.2010.29.1.149
Hurtt, R. K., Brown-Liburd, H., Earley, C. E., & Krishnamoorthy, G. (2013). Research on auditor professional skepticism: Literature synthesis and opportunities for future research. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 32(Supplement 1), 45-97. https://doi.org/10.2308/ajpt-50361
Hussin, S. A. H. S., Iskandar, T. M., Saleh, N. M., & Jaffar, R. (2017). Professional Skepticism and Auditors' Assessment of Misstatement Risks: The Moderating Effect of Experience and Time Budget Pressure. Economics & Sociology, 10(4), 225–250. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2017/10-4/17
IAASB, I. (2015). 200 Overall Objectives of the Independent Auditor and the Conduct of an Audit in Accordance with International Standards on Auditing. The International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board, New York.
IAASB. (2022). International Standard on Auditing (ISA) 200, Overall Objectives of the Independent Auditor and the Conduct of an Audit in Accordance with International Standards on Auditing.
Institut Akuntan Publik Indonesia, (2021).Kode Etik Profesi Akuntan Publik 2021. In Standar Profesional Akuntan Publik.
Johari, R. J., Mohd Hairudin, N. A., & Dawood, A. K. (2022). Analysis of factors affecting dysfunctional audit behavior in Malaysia. International Journal of Ethics and Systems. [Advance online publication]. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-01-2022-0004
Kelley, H. H. (1973). The processes of causal attribution. American Psychologist, 28(2), 107–128. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0034225
Kelley, T., & Margheim, L. (2002). The relationships between senior auditor budget participation, job structuring, job consideration and staff auditor time budget pressure. Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR), 18(2).
Khulsum, U., Suryanto, T., Ali, J., & Wardana, H. Y. (2025). Breaking barriers in audit quality: The dynamic interactions of competence, time budget pressure, complexity, and motivation in Indonesia landscape. Social Sciences and Humanities Open. [Advance online publication]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.100999
Knechel, W. R., & Sharma, D. S. (2012). Auditor-Provided Nonaudit Services and Audit Effectiveness and Efficiency: Evidence from Pre-and Post-SOX Audit Report Lags. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 3, 85-114.https://doi.org/10.2308/ajpt-10298
Knechel, W. R., Niemi, L., & Zerni, M. (2013). Empirical evidence on the implicit determinants of compensation in Big 4 audit partnerships. Journal of Accounting Research, 51(2), 349-387. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12009
Kusumawati, A., & Syamsuddin, S. (2018). The effect of auditor quality to professional skepticism and its relationship to audit quality. International Journal of Law and Management, 60(6), 1465-1475. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-03-2017-0066
Kyriakou, Maria & Dimitras, Augustinos. (2018). Impact of auditor tenure on audit quality: European evidence. Investment Management and Financial Innovations. 15. 374-386. 10.21511/imfi.15(1).2018.31. DOI:10.21511/imfi.15(1).2018.31
Lamba, R. A., Seralurin, Y. C., Lamba, A., & Pattiasina, V. (2020). The effect of auditor independence and ethics on auditor professional scepticism: Its implications for audit quality in Indonesia. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 13(10), 210-227.
Lannai, D., Hajering, H., & Ahmad, H. (2025). Audit quality model moderated by professional skepticism: Determinants of professional ethics and auditor experience. Theoretical and Practical Research in the Economic Fields, 16(1), 112-125. https://doi.org/10.14505/tpref.v16.1(31).10
Lismawati, L., Rohman, A., & Chariri, A. (2017). Developing improvement of auditor’s performance model using professional skepticism and auditors’ comfort as a mediator. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(11), 1-10.
Lord, A. T., & DeZoort, F. T. (2001). The impact of commitment and moral reasoning on auditors' responses to social influence pressure. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 26(3), 215-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0361-3682(00)00022-2
Mahdi, S. A. R., Nurkholis, N., Prihatiningtias, Y. W., & Baridwan, Z. (2023). Moderation of political pressure on the determinants of audit quality in the public sector: A study of BPK auditors for the Maluku and North Sulawesi regions. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Auditing Indonesia, 27(1), 45-60. https://doi.org/10.1234/jaai.v27i1.5678*
Mardijuwono, A.W., & Subianto, C. (2018). Independence, Professionalism, Professional Skepticism: The Relation Toward the Resulted Audit Quality. Asian Journal of Accounting Research. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-06-2018-0009
Mashayekhi, B., & Mohammed, Y. (2024). Perceived Internal Audit Quality and External Auditors’ Attributes in Iranian and Iraqi Banks. Journal of Risk and Financial Management. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm18010003.
Maulida, K., & Novianti, N. (2023). Audit Experience, Independence, and Professional Skepticism Against Fraud Detection: Time Pressure as a Moderating Factor. Asia Pacific Fraud Journal. https://doi.org/10.21532/apfjournal.v8i2.331.
Mautz, R. K., & Sharaf, H. A. (1961). The philosophy of auditing. (No Title).
McDaniel, L.S. (1990) The Effects of Time Pressure and Audit Program Structure on Audit Performance. Journal of Accounting Research, 28, 267-285. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2491150
Meidawati, N., & Assidiqi, A. (2019). The influences of audit fees, competence, independence, auditor ethics, and time budget pressure on audit quality. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Auditing Indonesia, 117-128. https://doi.org/10.20885/jaai.vol23.iss2.art6
Nainggolan, C. D., Tan, E., & Lee, A. (2025). The influence of auditor’s professional skepticism on audit quality. Journal of Management and Finance, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.70177/jmf.v3i1.2133
Nehme, R., Michael, A., & Haslam, J. (2021). The impact of time budget and time deadline pressures on audit behaviour: UK evidence. Meditari Accountancy Research. https://doi.org/10.1108/medar-09-2019-0550.
Nelson, M. W. (2009). A model and literature review of professional skepticism in auditing. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 28(2), 1–34, https://doi.org/10.2308/aud.2009.28.2.1
Nouraldeen, R. M. (2025). Competent and independent auditors but cannot detect fraud!! Do they exercise professional skepticism? International Journal of Disclosure and Governance. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41310-025-00296-1
Pattiasina, V., Latuheru, A., & Ariani, D. (2019). Auditor skepticism: Papuan case. International journal of business, economics & management. https://doi.org/10.31295/ijbem.v2n1.46
Prihantini , Ayunda, N. P., Yadnyana, I. K. ., Sujana, I. K. ., & Adi Erawati, N. M. . (2024). Psychological Capital as A Moderating Influence of Budget Participation and Transformational Leadership Style on Managerial Performance of Star Hotels. Journal Research of Social Science, Economics, and Management, 4(3), 383–400. https://doi.org/10.59141/jrssem.v4i3.723
Prihartini, A. K., Sulindawati, N. L. G. E., SE Ak, M., Darmawan, N. A. S., & SE, A. (2015). Pengaruh Kompetensi, Independensi, Obyektivitas, Integritas Dan Akuntabilitas Terhadap Kualitas Audit Di Pemerintah Daerah (Studi Empiris Pada 5 Kantor Inspektorat Provinsi Bali). JIMAT (Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Akuntansi) Undiksha, 3(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.23887/jimat.v3i1.5383
Rasuli, M., Zarefar, A., Zarefar, A., & Johari, R. J. (2024). Professional Scepticism, Independence, Information Technology, Auditor Competence, And Audit Quality. Jurnal Reviu Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 14(1), 243-257. https://doi.org/10.22219/jrak.v14i1.29963
Sawaya, C., Al Maalouf, N. J., Hanoun, R., & Rakwi, M. (2025). Impact of auditor independence, expertise, and industry experience on financial reporting quality. Asia Pacific Management Review, 30, 100357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2025.100357
Shaub, M. K., & Lawrence, J. E. (1999). Differences in auditors’ professional skepticism across career levels in the firm. Advances in Accounting Behavioral Research, 2(1), 61-83.
Siriwardane, H. P., Kin Hoi Hu, B., & Low, K. Y. (2014). Skills, knowledge, and attitudes important for present‐day auditors. International Journal of Auditing, 18(3), 193-205. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijau.12023
Srimindarti, C., Ashobah, S. N. F., Hardiningsih, P., & Yunianto, A. (2022). Does Moral Reasoning Moderate Audit Quality Determinants?. International Journal of Applied Economics, Finance and Accounting, 14(2), 162-169. DOI:10.33094/ijaefa.v14i2.693
Subawa, N. S., Ningrat, F. A., Utami, M. S. M., Prabarini, N. S. D., Yanti, N. K. W., & Basmantra, I. N. (2023, May). Auditors ability in detecting fraud: Evidence from external auditor in Bali. In International Conference on Business and Technology (pp. 506-515). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
Susanto, Y., Riwukore, J. R., Astri Riance, S., & Habaora, F. (2020). The Effect Of Complexity Of The Competence Independence Task On Integrity Of The Implication In The Quality Result Auditor Examination In North Musirawas District. international journal of scientific & technology research, 9, 3591-3597.
Svanberg, J., & Öhman, P. (2013). Auditors' time pressure: Does ethical culture support audit quality?. Managerial auditing journal, 28(7), 572-591. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-10-2012-0761
Svanberg, J., & Öhman, P. (2016). The effects of time budget pressure, organisational-professional conflict, and organisational commitment on dysfunctional auditor behaviour. International Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Performance Evaluation, 12(2), 131-150. DOI: 10.1504/IJAAPE.2016.075619
Svanström, T. (2016). Time pressure, training activities and dysfunctional auditor behaviour: evidence from small audit firms. International Journal of Auditing, 20(1), 42-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijau.12054
Syahrani, N. A., Shaleh, M., & Razak, R. (2023). Pengaruh kompetensi, independensi, dan time budget pressure terhadap kualitas audit pada Inspektorat Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Paradoks: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 6(1), 13-26.
Ta, T. T., Doan, T. N., Pham, D. C., & Tran, H. N. (2022). Factors affecting the professional skepticism of independent auditors in Viet Nam. Cogent Business & Management, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2059043
Umar, Ahson & Anandarajan, Asokan. 2004. "Dimensions of pressures faced by auditors and its impact on auditors’ independence," Managerial Auditing Journal, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 19(1): 99-116,.
Utari, W., Iswoyo, A., Chamariyah, W., Mardiana, F.,Rusdiyanto, & Hidayat, W. (2021). Effect Of Work Training, Competency and Job Satisfaction on Employee Productivity: A Case Study Indonesia. Review of International Geographical Education Online, 11(4), 696–711. https://doi.org/10.33403/rigeo.8006783
Wahidahwati, W., & Asyik, N. F. (2022). Determinants of Auditors Ability in Fraud Detection. Cogent Business & Management, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2130165
Wardhani, W., & Astika, P. (2018). Pengaruh Kompetensi, Akuntabilitas dan Independnsi pada Kualitas Audit dengan Fee Audit Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. E-Jurnal Akuntansi. 2(3), 1-23.
Wicaksono Agus, D., & Lastanti, H. S. (2025). Pengaruh independensi auditor, skeptisisme profesional, kompetensi auditor dan pengalaman auditor terhadap kualitas audit dengan etika auditor sebagai variabel moderasi. Journal of Accounting and Finance Management (JAFM), 6(3), July–August. https://doi.org/10.38035/jafm.v6i3
Yustina, A. I. and S. A. Gonadi, "The Negative Effect of Time Budget Pressure to Auditor Independence and Professional Skepticism," Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 38-48, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.9744/jak.21.1.38-48
Zainudin, A. D. P. A., Aswar, K., Lastiningsih, N., Sumardjo, M., & Taufik, T. (2021). Analysis of potential factors influencing audit quality: The moderating effect of time budget pressure. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 19(4), 420-433. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(4).2021.42