Main Article Content
Abstract
This study examines the influence of user-generated content on Generation Z tourists’ visit intention toward Geopark Kebumen through the Stimulus Organism Response framework. Emotional and factual user-generated content were conceptualized as external stimuli affecting trust in user-generated content and the destination image as organismic states, which, in turn, influence visit intention as the response. A quantitative approach was applied using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling, based on 315 valid responses from active social media users aged 17–28 years. Results show that emotional content significantly enhances destination image, trust, and visit intention, while factual content affects destination image and trust but has no direct influence on intention. Trust in user-generated content emerges as the strongest predictor of both destination image and visit intention, confirming its central role as a cognitive-affective bridge in the decision process. The findings validate the Stimulus Organism Response framework for digital tourism behavior and emphasize the importance of authenticity, emotional resonance, and credibility in shaping Generation Z travel decisions. The study contributes to theory development in digital destination marketing and provides managerial insight for promoting geotourism through authentic, emotionally engaging, and trustworthy user-generated content.
Keywords
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References
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References
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Aboalganam, K. M., AlFraihat, S. F., & Tarabieh, S. (2025). The Impact of User-Generated Content on Tourist visit Intentions: The Mediating role of destination Imagery. Administrative Sciences, 15(4), 117. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15040117
Abubakar, A. M., & Ilkan, M. (2016). Impact of online WOM on destination trust and intention to travel: A medical tourism perspective. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 5(3), 192–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2015.12.005
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Afshardoost, M., & Eshaghi, M. S. (2020). Destination image and tourist behavioral intentions: A meta-analysis. Tourism Management, 81, 104154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104154
Aggarwal, S., & Gour, A. (2020). Peeking inside the minds of tourists using a novel web analytics approach. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 45, 580–591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.10.009
Assaker, G., & O’Connor, P. (2020). eWOM Platforms in Moderating the Relationships between Political and Terrorism Risk, Destination Image, and Travel Intent: The Case of Lebanon. Journal of Travel Research, 60(3), 503–519. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520922317
Asyraff, M. A., Hanafiah, M. H., Md Zain, N. A., & Patwary, A. K. (2024). Understanding Malaysia’s perceived destination image formation through online user-generated content information qualities. Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication.
Ayeh, J. K., Au, N., & Law, R. (2013). “Do We Believe in TripAdvisor?” Examining Credibility Perceptions and Online Travelers’ Attitude toward Using User-Generated Content. Journal of Travel Research, 52(4), 437–452. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287512475217
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Bougie, R., & Sekaran, U. (2019). Research Methods for Business (8th ed.). Wiley.
Carlson, J., Rahman, M. M., Taylor, A., & Voola, R. (2017). Feel the VIBE: Examining value-in-the-brand-page-experience and its impact on satisfaction and customer engagement behaviours in mobile social media. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 46, 149–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2017.10.002
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Correia, R., Aksionova, E., Venciute, D., Sousa, J., & Fontes, R. (2025). User-generated content’s influence on tourist destination image: a generational perspective. Consumer Behavior in Tourism and Hospitality. https://doi.org/10.1108/cbth-11-2023-0208
Das, A., Kondasani, R. K. R., Deb, R., & Batabyal, D. (2024). Leveraging user-generated content (UGC) in pre-travel behavior: A PLS-SEM and necessary conditions analysis (NCA) approach. Tourism and Hospitality Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/14673584241292254
Doosti, S., Jalilvand, M. R., Asadi, A., Pool, J. K., & Adl, P. M. (2016). Analyzing the influence of electronic word of mouth on visit intention: the mediating role of tourists’ attitude and city image. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 2(2), 137–148. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijtc-12-2015-0031
Echtner, C. M., & Ritchie, J. B. (1993). The Measurement of Destination Image: An Empirical assessment. Journal of Travel Research, 31(4), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759303100402
Eman, N., & Refaie, N. (2023). The effect of Instagram posts on tourists’ destination perception and visiting intention. Journal of Vacation Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1177/13567667231209514
Fahmawee, E. a. D. A., & Jawabreh, O. (2023). Sustainability Of Green Tourism By International Tourists And Its Impact On Green Environmental Achievement: Petra Heritage, Jordan. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 46(1), 27–36. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.46103-997
Ghaly, M. (2023). The influence of user-generated content and social media travel influencers credibility on the visit intention of Generation Z. Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality, 24(2), 367–382. https://doi.org/10.21608/jaauth.2023.218047.1477
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2021). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). Sage.
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2018). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/ebr-11-2018-0203
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Hua, Y., Ding, L., Dong, H., & Lin, Z. (2024). Influence of User‐Generated Content (UGC) in social Media on the intangible cultural heritage Preservation of Gen Z Tourists in the Digital Economy era. International Journal of Tourism Research, 26(5). https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2743
Jalilvand, M. R., Samiei, N., Dini, B., & Manzari, P. Y. (2012). Examining the structural relationships of electronic word of mouth, destination image, tourist attitude toward destination and travel intention: An integrated approach. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 1(1–2), 134–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2012.10.001
Kanwel, S., Lingqiang, Z., Asif, M., Hwang, J., Hussain, A., & Jameel, A. (2019). The influence of destination image on tourist loyalty and intention to visit: Testing a multiple mediation approach. Sustainability, 11(22), 6401. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226401
Kaosiri, Y. N., Fiol, L. J. C., Tena, M. Á. M., Artola, R. M. R., & García, J. S. (2017). User-Generated Content Sources in Social Media: a new approach to explore tourist satisfaction. Journal of Travel Research, 58(2), 253–265. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287517746014
Kerstetter, D., & Cho, M. (2004). Prior knowledge, credibility and information search. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(4), 961–985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2004.04.002
Khasawneh, M. A., Haddad, S. A., Salhieh, L. A., Katawa, H., Alsayyed, Y., & Zubi, R. A. (2022). The impact of use-generated content on visiting intention to a destination. International Journal of Technology Marketing, 16(3), 275. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijtmkt.2022.123903
Kim, D., & Perdue, R. R. (2011). The influence of image on destination attractiveness. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 28(3), 225–239. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2011.562850
Kim, H., & Stepchenkova, S. (2015). Effect of tourist photographs on attitudes towards destination: Manifest and latent content. Tourism Management, 49, 29–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.02.004
Kim, M. J., Lee, C., & Jung, T. (2018). Exploring consumer behavior in virtual reality tourism using an extended Stimulus-Organism-Response model. Journal of Travel Research, 59(1), 69–89. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287518818915
Kim, S., Lee, K. Y., Shin, S. I., & Yang, S. (2017). Effects of tourism information quality in social media on destination image formation: The case of Sina Weibo. Information & Management, 54(6), 687–702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2017.02.009
Kitsios, F., Mitsopoulou, E., Moustaka, E., & Kamariotou, M. (2021). User-Generated Content behavior and digital tourism services: A SEM-neural network model for information trust in social networking sites. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 2(1), 100056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2021.100056
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