Main Article Content

Abstract

The declining performance of protocol staff at the Regional Secretariat in Banten Province in recent years has become a strategic issue that requires further investigation. Factors such as mismatched job placements, lack of professional training, and an unconducive work environment have contributed to the decline in the quality of public services. This study aims to analyse the influence of the work environment and job placement on employee performance with job satisfaction as a mediating variable. The method used was a quantitative approach with an explanatory research design. The study population included all ASN protocol employees, with a sample of 66 respondents. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis used Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to examine direct and indirect relationships between variables. The research results show that the work environment has a significant positive effect on employee job satisfaction and performance. Job placement according to competencies also has a significant positive effect on both. Job satisfaction has been shown to partially mediate the relationship between the work environment and job placement on performance. In conclusion, performance improvements can be achieved through improved facilities, supportive environmental arrangements, and competency-based placement. The practical implication is strengthening human resource management policies that emphasize training, appropriate placement systems, and improving the quality of the work environment to boost performance and the quality of public services.


 

Keywords

Work environment, job placement, job satisfaction, protocol performance

Article Details

How to Cite
Alsyauqi, A. D., Yusuf, F. A., & Nuryanto, U. W. (2025). The Influence of Work Environment and Job Placement on Employee Performance Mediated by Job Satisfaction in the Regional Secretariat Protocol in Banten Province. Amkop Management Accounting Review (AMAR), 5(1), 929–950. https://doi.org/10.37531/amar.v5i2.3078

References

  1. Adwan, S., Goncharenko, G., & Liu, S. (2024). The impact of employee satisfaction on company’s labour investment efficiency. International Review of Financial Analysis, 96(PA), 103570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103570
  2. Al Shbail, M. O., Alshurafat, H., Ensour, W., Al Amosh, H., & Al-Hazaima, H. (2025). Exploring the impact of internal CSR on auditor turnover intentions: The mediating and moderating roles of job satisfaction, organisational commitment, and job complexity. Acta Psychologica, 256(April), 105012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105012
  3. Alqhaiwi, Z. O., Djurkovic, N., Luu, T., & Gunasekara, A. (2024). The self-regulatory role of trait mindfulness in workplace bullying, hostility and counterproductive work behaviours among hotel employees. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 122(June 2023), 103843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2024.103843
  4. Anchors, Z. G., Arnold, R., D Burnard, S., Bressington, C. A., Moreton, A. E., & Moore, L. J. (2024). Effectiveness of interventions on occupational stress, health and well-being, performance, and job satisfaction for midwives: A systematic mixed methods review. Women and Birth, 37(5), 101589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2024.02.005
  5. Baxter, S., Cullingworth, J., Whitworth, A., Runswick-Cole, K., & Clowes, M. (2024). Understanding interventions and outcomes in supported employment and individual placement support: A qualitative evidence synthesis. Disability and Health Journal, 17(2), 101579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2024.101579
  6. Bellini, A., Andersen, B., Klungseth, N. J., & Tadayon, A. (2024). Staff outcomes and the work environment in Green Care Farms and traditional nursing homes: A comparative study. Journal of Cleaner Production, 141753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31976
  7. Berber, A., Findikli, M. A., Marescaux, E., Rofcanin, Y., Mughal, F., & Swart, J. (2023). Exploring the effects of reduced load work arrangements (RLWAs): The role of individual autonomy and workplace level justice perceptions. European Management Journal, 41(5), 720–729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2022.04.002
  8. Blom, R., Jaspers, E., Knies, E., & van der Lippe, T. (2025). Family-friendly policies and workplace supports: A meta-analysis of their effects on career, job, and work-family outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 157(July 2024), 104091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2025.104091
  9. Brown, A. S., Dishop, C. R., Kuznetsov, A., Chao, P. Y., & Woolley, A. W. (2025). Beyond efficiency: Trust, AI, and surprise in knowledge work environments. Computers in Human Behavior, 167(February), 108605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2025.108605
  10. Bui, A. M. (Jessica), Zhu, D., & Kim, P. B. (2025). A comparative systematic review of empirical research into workplace friendship: Hospitality versus non-hospitality contexts. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 129(March), 104209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2025.104209
  11. Chowdhury, S. R., Kabir, H., Akter, N., Iktidar, M. A., Roy, A. K., Chowdhury, M. R., & Hossain, A. (2023). Impact of workplace bullying and burnout on job satisfaction among Bangladeshi nurses: A cross-sectional study. Heliyon, 9(2), e13162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13162
  12. Curcuruto, M., & Griffin, M. A. (2023). Upward safety communication in the workplace: How team leaders stimulate employees’ voice through empowering and monitoring supervision. Safety Science, 157(January 2022), 105947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2022.105947
  13. Decius, J., Schaper, N., Klug, K., & Seifert, A. (2023). Active learning, active shaping, or both? A cross-lagged panel analysis of reciprocal effects between work design and informal workplace learning, and the mediating role of job crafting. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 144(June), 103893. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2023.103893
  14. Demerouti, E. (2023). Effective employee strategies for remote working: An online self-training intervention. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 142(March 2022), 103857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2023.103857
  15. Deole, S. S., Deter, M., & Huang, Y. (2023). Home sweet home: Working from home and employee performance during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK. Labour Economics, 80(September 2021), 102295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2022.102295
  16. Dorta-Afonso, D., & Romero-Domínguez, L. (2025). High-performance work systems in job demands-resources theory: Implications for employee burnout and quality of life. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 126(March 2024), 104066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2024.104066
  17. Dorta-Afonso, D., Romero-Domínguez, L., & Benítez-Núñez, C. (2023). It’s worth it! High performance work systems for employee job satisfaction: The mediational role of burnout. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 108(September 2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2022.103364
  18. Duan, Y., Thorne, T., Iaconi, A., Song, Y., Saeidzadeh, S., Doupe, M., Norton, P. G., & Estabrooks, C. A. (2025). Changing Trends in Job Satisfaction and Burnout for Care Aides in Long-Term Care Homes: The Role of Work Environment. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 26(2), 105380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2024.105380
  19. Egemen, M. (2024). Assessing the individual effects of different job satisfaction facets on the job performance of qualified employees in the unique conditions of the construction industry. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 15(7), 102789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2024.102789
  20. Fiaz, S., & Fahim, M. S. (2023). The influence of high-quality workplace relational systems and mindfulness on employee work engagement at the time of crises. Heliyon, 9(4), e15523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15523
  21. Gallier, C., & Sturm, B. (2021). Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization The ratchet effect in social dilemmas. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 186(August), 251–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106711
  22. Gazi, M. A. I., Yusof, M. F., Islam, M. A., Amin, M. Bin, & Senathirajah, A. R. bin S. (2024). Analyzing the impact of employee job satisfaction on their job behavior in the industrial setting: An analysis from the perspective of job performance. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 10(4), 100427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2024.100427
  23. Genedy, M., Hellerstedt, K., Naldi, L., & Wiklund, J. (2024). Growing pains in scale-ups: How scaling affects new venture employee burnout and job satisfaction. Journal of Business Venturing, 39(2), 106367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2023.106367
  24. Ghani, B., Hyder, S. I., Yoo, S., & Han, H. (2023). Does employee engagement promote innovation? The Facilitators of innovative workplace behavior via mediation and moderation. Heliyon, 9(11), e21817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21817
  25. Gustavsson, T., Ahmad, M. O., & Saeeda, H. (2025). Job satisfaction at risk: Measuring the role of process debt in agile software development. Journal of Systems and Software, 222(August 2024), 112350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2025.112350
  26. Hai, S., Long, T., Honora, A., Japutra, A., & Guo, T. (2025). The dark side of employee-generative AI collaboration in the workplace: An investigation on work alienation and employee expediency. International Journal of Information Management, 83(March), 102905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2025.102905
  27. Hansson, M., & Eriksson, M. (2025). Work related indicators of midwives’ job satisfaction and the modifying effect of sense of coherence. A national cross-sectional study in Sweden. Midwifery, 142(November 2024), 104287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2025.104287
  28. Heij, C. V., Volberda, H. W., & Hollen, R. M. A. (2024). To replicate or to renew your business model? The performance effect in dynamic environments. Long Range Planning, 57(3), 102440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2024.102440
  29. Horacio, de la N., Nieves, J., & Osorio, J. (2023). Neuroleadership: Affective experiences in the workplace and their influence on employees’ evaluative judgements. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 114(May), 103554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2023.103554
  30. Hu, Y., Zhang, S., Zhai, J., Wang, D., Gan, X., Wang, F., Wang, D., & Yi, H. (2024). Relationship between workplace violence, job satisfaction, and burnout among healthcare workers in mobile cabin hospitals in China: Effects of perceived stress and work environment. Preventive Medicine Reports, 40(February), 102667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102667
  31. Huang, C. C., Tu, Y., & Xie, X. (2024). Mindfulness and job performance in employees of a multinational corporation: Moderated mediation of nationality, intercultural communication, and burnout. Social Sciences and Humanities Open, 10(June), 100975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.100975
  32. Kato, T., & Koizumi, M. (2024). Job satisfaction brought about by the innovative personality of the supervisor: Adding new dimensions to leadership research. Procedia Computer Science, 237, 841–849. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2024.05.173
  33. Kautish, P., Lim, W. M., & Lavuri, R. (2025). Values, wellbeing, and job satisfaction in telework: Evidence from IT-enabled service firms. Technology in Society, 80(November 2024), 102762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2024.102762
  34. Kim, M. H., Choi, W., Lee, W. je, & Jung, J. W. (2024). A study of the factors and correlations influencing the safety level, job stress and job satisfaction of workers in small business in Korea. Heliyon, 10(21), e40023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40023
  35. Kim, S. J., & Choi, S. O. (2018). The effects of job mismatch on pay, job satisfaction, and performance. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 4(4), 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc4040049
  36. Kim, Y. H., Shin, S. Il, Kim, H. K., Jun, M., & Wreen, M. (2023). Advanced Practice Nurses’ Organization Commitment: Impact of Job Environment, Job Satisfaction, and Person-Organization Fit. Asian Nursing Research, 17(2), 91–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2023.03.002
  37. Kühner, C., Stein, M., & Zacher, H. (2024). A person-environment fit approach to environmental sustainability in the workplace. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 95(May 2023), 102270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2024.102270
  38. Kuo, H. J., Newbutt, N., George, S., & Laird, M. (2025). Using virtual reality mediation in a workplace setting for employees with disabilities: A pilot study. Computers and Education: X Reality, 6(April 2024), 100093. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cexr.2025.100093
  39. Latini, A., Torresin, S., Oberman, T., Di Giuseppe, E., Aletta, F., Kang, J., & D’Orazio, M. (2024). Effects of Biophilic Design interventions on university students’ cognitive performance: An audio-visual experimental study in an Immersive Virtual office Environment. Building and Environment, 250(December 2023), 111196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.111196
  40. Latscha, M., Schwaninger, A., Sauer, J., & Sterchi, Y. (2024). Performance of X-ray baggage screeners in different work environments: Comparing remote and local cabin baggage screening. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 102(May), 103598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103598
  41. Lee, M. C. C., Sim, B. Y. H., & Tuckey, M. R. (2024). Comparing effects of toxic leadership and team social support on job insecurity, role ambiguity, work engagement, and job performance: A multilevel mediational perspective. Asia Pacific Management Review, 29(1), 115–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2023.09.002
  42. Lerche, A. D. S., Burk, C. L., & Wiese, B. S. (2025). Demands-abilities fit in longitudinal designs: An eight-wave study predicting job satisfaction and turnover in STEM professionals. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 159(March), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2025.104112
  43. Li, M., & Kim, N. (2024). Exploring multisensory home office design in virtual reality: Effects on task performance, heart rate, and emotion. Acta Psychologica, 250(March), 104536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104536
  44. Li, Y., Tian, Y., Zhao, W., Oubibi, M., & Ding, Y. (2024). Teaching in China’s Heartland: A qualitative exploration of rural teacher job satisfaction. Heliyon, 10(18), e38092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38092
  45. Liu, X., Zheng, X., Lee, B. Y., Yu, Y., & Zhang, M. (2023). COVID-19 and employee job performance trajectories: The moderating effect of different sources of status. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 142(February). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2023.103862
  46. Loh, J. (M I., Khan, M. I., & Talukder, M. J. H. (2023). To complain or not to complain: Management responses as a moderator in the relationship between workplace incivility and workplace outcomes among Australia and singaporean targets. Heliyon, 9(11), e21363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21363
  47. Lukito, D., Susanti, M., Susanto, Y., Judijanto, L., Ali, M., Hartono, & Mahardhani, A. J. (2025). Determinants of sustainable employee performance: A study of family businesses in Indonesia. Asia Pacific Management Review, 30(2), 100340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2024.12.004
  48. Martínez, L., & Zafra, M. I. (2025). The hidden penalties of informal work: Life-job satisfaction and negative affect. Wellbeing, Space and Society, 8(March), 100253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wss.2025.100253
  49. Mura, A. L., Insalata, L. A., & Bonaiuto, M. (2024). My home is my new office: The relationship between environmental comfort, workplace attachment, and psychological needs in the context of remote working. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 98(September 2023), 102378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2024.102378
  50. Nassani, A. A., Badshah, W., Grigorescu, A., Cozorici, A. N., Yousaf, Z., & Zhan, X. (2024). Participatory leadership and supportive organisational culture Panacea for job satisfaction regulatory role of work-life balance. Heliyon, 10(16), e36043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36043
  51. Ndiango, S., Gabriel, D., & Changalima, I. A. (2024). Give me my flowers before I die! Linking employee recognition, job satisfaction and employee retention in logistics companies: A multigroup analysis. Social Sciences and Humanities Open, 10(July). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.101053
  52. Nilsen, M., & Kongsvik, T. (2023). Health, Safety, and Well-Being in Platform-Mediated Work – A Job Demands and Resources Perspective. Safety Science, 163(September 2021), 106130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106130
  53. Opoko Apendi, D. A., Li, K., Pea-Assounga, J. B. B., & Bambi, P. D. R. (2025). Investigating the impact of e-banking, employee job security, innovativeness, and productivity on organizational performance: Perspectives from South Africa. Sustainable Futures, 9(May 2024), 100605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2025.100605
  54. Owan, V. J., Odigwe, F. N., Okon, A. E., Duruamaku-Dim, J. U., Ubi, I. O., Emanghe, E. E., Owan, M. V., & Bassey, B. A. (2022). Contributions of placement, retraining and motivation to teachers’ job commitment: structural equation modelling of the linkages. Heliyon, 8(4), e09334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09334
  55. Ranasinghe, T., Loske, D., & Grosse, E. H. (2025). Cold storage, warm breaks: The effects of rest breaks on order picking performance in cold-storage environments. International Journal of Production Economics, 283(April 2024), 109560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2025.109560
  56. Rössig, S. A., Vera Hedwig Schmidt, C., Schrewentigges, L., & Strese, S. (2025). Is it contagious? The effect of fear of failure on employee satisfaction. Journal of Business Research, 188(November 2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.115059
  57. Sagioglou, C., Forstmann, M., & Greitemeyer, T. (2023). Perceiving intraorganizational mobility ameliorates the effects of low-level position on detrimental workplace attitudes and behaviors. Acta Psychologica, 234(February), 103848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103848
  58. Scaffidi, A., Bonfanti, R. C., Misuraca, R., & Ruggieri, S. (2025). Power distance in the workplace and its effect on prosocial behavioral intentions. Acta Psychologica, 253(October 2024), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104695
  59. Schwoerer, R., Bueechl, J., Beldarrain, Y., & Härting, R. (2024). The Effects of Remote Work on Employee Satisfaction: An Eastern-Western Cross-Cultural Analysis. Procedia Computer Science, 246(C), 1309–1318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2024.09.562
  60. Song, J., Zhou, S., Kwan, M. P., Liao, Y., Liu, D., & Zhang, X. (2025). Association between real-time noise exposure in broader activity contexts and job satisfaction: Evidence from Guangzhou, China. Cities, 161(March), 105912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2025.105912
  61. Sun, M., Kraus, T., Pauli, R., & Garus, C. (2025). Changing sense of place in hybrid work environments: A systematic review of place identity and employee well-being. Wellbeing, Space and Society, 8(January), 100236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wss.2025.100236
  62. Tafese Keltu, T. (2024). The effect of human resource development practice on employee performance with the mediating role of job satisfaction among Mizan Tepi University’s academic staff in Southwestern Ethiopia. Heliyon, 10(8), e29821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29821
  63. Tong, L. K., Li, Y. Y., Liu, Y. B., Zheng, M. R., Fu, G. L., & Au, M. L. (2025). Validation of the short index of job satisfaction in Chinese nurses: classical test theory and item response theory. International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances, 8(March), 100321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnsa.2025.100321
  64. Veletić, J., & Scherer, R. (2025). The Nordic perspective on the association between distributed leadership and teacher job satisfaction: A multilevel SEM approach. International Journal of Educational Research, 130(August 2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2025.102559
  65. Warongan, B. U. ., Dotulong, L. O. ., & Lumintang, G. G. (2022). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja dan Stres Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT Jordan Bakery Tomohon. Jurnal EMBA, 10(1), 963–972.
  66. Xiao, H., Xie, W., & Liu, B. (2024). An empirical study on the influence of new generation employees’ job satisfaction on contextual performance in the energy industry. Heliyon, 10(9), e30073. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30073
  67. Xiao, Y., Tao, X., Chen, P., & Hung Kee, D. M. (2024). Leading with purpose: Unraveling the impact of responsible leadership on employee green behavior in the workplace. Heliyon, 10(9), e30096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30096
  68. Yeo, D. W., & Ha, Y. (2025). Job Satisfaction Among Blood Center Nurses Based on the Job Crafting Model: A Mixed Methods Study. Asian Nursing Research, 19(1), 96–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2024.12.008
  69. Yi, H. T., Cho, Y., & Amenuvor, F. E. (2023). Internal marketing and salespeople’s out-of-role behaviour: The mediating role of job satisfaction. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 29(2), 100216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2023.100216
  70. Zebon, M. A. H., Sattar, A., & Ahamed, M. S. (2025). An empirical study of exploring the predictors of university teachers’ job satisfaction in Bangladesh: A structural equation modeling approach. Heliyon, 11(2), e41740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e41740
  71. Zhang, C., Irfan, M., & Iqbal Sial, J. (2024). Effect of Workplace Harassment on Organizational Cynicism with the Mediation of Perceived Incivility and the Moderating Role of Perceived Organizational Obstruction. Heliyon, 10(12), e32742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32742
  72. Zhang, Y., Xu, W., Yoon, S., Chen, W., & Parmenter, S. (2024). Workplace support, job autonomy, and turnover intention among child welfare workers in China: The mediating role of job satisfaction. Child Protection and Practice, 2(February), 100027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100027

Similar Articles

<< < 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.