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Abstract
This article explores the phenomenon of bribery in the financial examination process conducted by Indonesia’s Supreme Audit Institution (BPK) using media-based content analysis. Drawing on reported cases from 2020 to 2025—this study identifies patterns in motives, actors, methods, and impacts of bribery in audit practices. The study uses qualitative content analysis and applies the Fraud Triangle, Agency Theory, and Klitgaard’s Corruption Formula as analytical frameworks. Findings indicate that bribery is often motivated by the desire to secure a favorable audit opinion (WTP) or to conceal financial irregularities, facilitated through informal transactions involving both public officials and auditors. The study concludes that bribery in audits is not incidental but systemic, and calls for institutional reforms in transparency, supervision, and whistleblower protection. Recommendations for further research include qualitative studies on audit culture and comparative analysis of corruption-prone regions.
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References
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References
CNN Indonesia. (2024). BPK Member Suspected of Receiving Bribery in 4G BTS Project. [cited 2025 Jun 30]. Available from: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/berita-bpk-bts-4g
CNN Indonesia. (2024). 4G BTS Case: Achsanul Qosasi Charged with Receiving USD 2.6 Million in Bribes. [cited 2025 Jun 30]. Available from: https://www.cnnindonesia.com
Cressey DR. Other People's Money: A Study in the Social Psychology of Embezzlement. Glencoe: Free Press; 1953.
Detik.com. (2023). BPK and Audit Scandals in Regions: Who Oversees the Auditors? [cited 2025 Jun 30]. Available from: https://news.detik.com
Detik.com. (2023). West Papua BPK Bribery Case, Acting Regent of Sorong Sentenced. [cited 2025 Jun 30]. Available from: https://www.detik.com
Dye K, Stapenhurst R. Pillars of Integrity: The Importance of Supreme Audit Institutions in Curbing Corruption. Washington DC: World Bank Publications; 2020.
Ettema JS, Glasser TL. Custodians of Conscience: Investigative Journalism and Public Virtue. New York: Columbia University Press; 2019.
Fajar.co.id. (2020). Four South Sulawesi BPK Auditors Sentenced to Prison in Bribery Case. [cited 2025 Jun 30]. Available from: https://harian.fajar.co.id
Hassan M, De Vries M. Auditor capture and accountability failures in Southeast Asia. Public Administration Review. 2023;83(1):115–132.
Indonesia Corruption Watch (ICW). Trends in Bribery Cases in State Financial Audits 2020–2024. Jakarta: ICW; 2024.
INTOSAI. Principles of Transparency and Accountability. Vienna: INTOSAI; 2022.
Jain A, Mehta S, Kaul V. Corruption narratives and digital media: A case for qualitative triangulation. Journal of Media Ethics. 2021;36(3):190–203.
Jensen MC, Meckling WH. Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics. 1976;3(4):305–360.
Klitgaard R. International cooperation against corruption. Finance & Development. 1998;35(1):3–6.
Klitgaard R. Controlling Corruption. Berkeley: University of California Press; 1998.
Kompas.com. (2022). Ade Yasin Sentenced to 4 Years in Prison in BPK Audit Bribery Case. [cited 2025 Jun 30]. Available from: https://www.kompas.com
Kompas.com. (2023). Alleged Bribery in the Audit Process of Local Government Financial Reports. [cited 30 June 2025]. Available from: https://www.kompas.com
Martini M. State capture and public sector audits: A framework for assessing institutional integrity. Transparency International Working Paper; 2021.
McCombs M, Shaw DL. The agenda-setting function of mass media. Public Opinion Quarterly. 1972;36(2):176–87.
Mungiu-Pippidi A. The Quest for Good Governance: How Societies Develop Control of Corruption. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2021.
Norris P. A Virtuous Circle: Political Communications in Postindustrial Societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2022.
Obermaier M, Koch T. Framing political corruption in news discourse. Journalism Studies. 2022;23(6):781–798.
Power M. The Audit Society: Rituals of Verification. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2021.
Prabowo HY, Cooper K. Re-understanding corruption in the Indonesian public sector through three theoretical lenses. Journal of Financial Crime. 2020;27(1):162–76.
Rose-Ackerman S, Palifka BJ. Corruption and Government: Causes, Consequences, and Reform. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2023.
Transparency International. Global Corruption Barometer – Asia. 2022. Available from: https://www.transparency.org
Transparency International Indonesia. Annual Report on Public Sector Integrity. Jakarta: TII; 2023.
Villeneuve J, Vasilyeva A. Institutional corruption: Redefining the auditing profession. Accounting Forum. 2022;46(1):56–73.