Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aims to analyse the effects of Financial Resources Management and Financial Behaviour on Financial Well-Being and to examine the moderating role of Financial Behaviour among employed members of Generation Z in the Kebumen region. The study employed a quantitative approach with an explanatory design and a cross-sectional survey method. Data were collected through an online questionnaire distributed from January to June 2026 to 200 respondents selected using purposive sampling. The data were analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The measurement model evaluation showed that all constructs satisfied the criteria for convergent validity, discriminant validity, and reliability. The hypothesis testing results indicated that Financial Resources Management had a positive and statistically significant effect on Financial Well-Being, with a path coefficient of 0.142 and a p-value of 0.036. Financial Behaviour also had a positive and statistically significant effect on Financial Well-Being, with a path coefficient of 0.353 and a p-value of less than 0.001. However, the interaction between Financial Behaviour and Financial Resources Management did not have a statistically significant effect on Financial Well-Being, with a coefficient of 0.018 and a p-value of 0.797. The R² value of 0.169 indicates that the model explained 16.9% of the variance in Financial Well-Being. These findings confirm that Financial Behaviour functions more strongly as a direct predictor than as a moderating variable.
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References
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- Pak, T.-Y., Fan, L., & Chatterjee, S. (2024). Financial socialization and financial well-being in early adulthood: The mediating role of financial capability. Family Relations, 73(3), 1664–1685. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12959
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- Rahman, M., Isa, C. R., Masud, M. M., Sarker, M., & Chowdhury, N. T. (2021). The role of financial behaviour, financial literacy, and financial stress in explaining the financial well-being of the B40 group in Malaysia. Future Business Journal, 7, Article 52. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-021-00099-0
- Sabri, M. F., Anthony, M., Law, S. H., Rahim, H. A., Burhan, N. A. S., & Ithnin, M. (2024). Impact of financial behaviour on financial well-being: Evidence among young adults in Malaysia. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 29(3), 788–807. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41264-023-00234-8
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- Sajid, M., Mushtaq, R., Murtaza, G., Yahiaoui, D., & Pereira, V. (2024). Financial literacy, confidence and well-being: The mediating role of financial behavior. Journal of Business Research, 182, Article 114791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.114791
- Shim, S., Barber, B. L., Card, N. A., Xiao, J. J., & Serido, J. (2010). Financial socialization of first-year college students: The roles of parents, work, and education. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39(12), 1457–1470. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-009-9432-x
- Shim, S., Xiao, J. J., Barber, B. L., & Lyons, A. C. (2009). Pathways to life success: A conceptual model of financial well-being for young adults. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 30(6), 708–723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2009.02.003
- Xiao, J. J., Chen, C., & Chen, F. (2014). Consumer financial capability and financial satisfaction. Social Indicators Research, 118(1), 415–432. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0414-8
- Xiao, J. J., & Porto, N. (2017). Financial education and financial satisfaction: Financial literacy, behavior, and capability as mediators. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 35(5), 805–817. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-01-2016-0009
References
Bartholomae, S., & Fox, J. J. (2021). A decade review of research on college student financial behavior and well-being. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 42(Suppl. 1), S154–S177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-021-09756-6
Becker, J.-M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2018). Estimating moderating effects in PLS-SEM and PLSc-SEM: Interaction term generation × data treatment. Journal of Applied Structural Equation Modeling, 2(2), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.47263/JASEM.2(2)01
Brüggen, E. C., Hogreve, J., Holmlund, M., Kabadayi, S., & Löfgren, M. (2017). Financial well-being: A conceptualization and research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 79, 228–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.03.013
Choung, Y., Chatterjee, S., & Pak, T.-Y. (2023). Digital financial literacy and financial well-being. Finance Research Letters, 58, Article 104438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2023.104438
Gudmunson, C. G., & Danes, S. M. (2011). Family financial socialization: Theory and critical review. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 32(4), 644–667. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-011-9275-y
Gutter, M., & Copur, Z. (2011). Financial behaviors and financial well-being of college students: Evidence from a national survey. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 32(4), 699–714. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-011-9255-2
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Jorgensen, B. L., & Savla, J. (2010). Financial literacy of young adults: The importance of parental socialization. Family Relations, 59(4), 465–478. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2010.00616.x
Kock, N., & Hadaya, P. (2018). Minimum sample size estimation in PLS-SEM: The inverse square root and gamma-exponential methods. Information Systems Journal, 28(1), 227–261. https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12131
Lusardi, A., & Mitchell, O. S. (2014). The economic importance of financial literacy: Theory and evidence. Journal of Economic Literature, 52(1), 5–44. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.52.1.5
Netemeyer, R. G., Warmath, D., Fernandes, D., & Lynch, J. G., Jr. (2018). How am I doing? Perceived financial well-being, its potential antecedents, and its relation to overall well-being. Journal of Consumer Research, 45(1), 68–89. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucx109
Pak, T.-Y., Fan, L., & Chatterjee, S. (2024). Financial socialization and financial well-being in early adulthood: The mediating role of financial capability. Family Relations, 73(3), 1664–1685. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12959
Philippas, N. D., & Avdoulas, C. (2020). Financial literacy and financial well-being among Generation-Z university students: Evidence from Greece. The European Journal of Finance, 26(4–5), 360–381. https://doi.org/10.1080/1351847X.2019.1701512
Rahman, M., Isa, C. R., Masud, M. M., Sarker, M., & Chowdhury, N. T. (2021). The role of financial behaviour, financial literacy, and financial stress in explaining the financial well-being of the B40 group in Malaysia. Future Business Journal, 7, Article 52. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-021-00099-0
Sabri, M. F., Anthony, M., Law, S. H., Rahim, H. A., Burhan, N. A. S., & Ithnin, M. (2024). Impact of financial behaviour on financial well-being: Evidence among young adults in Malaysia. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 29(3), 788–807. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41264-023-00234-8
Sabri, M. F., Wahab, R., Mahdzan, N. S., Magli, A. S., & Rahim, H. A. (2022). Mediating effect of financial behaviour on the relationship between perceived financial wellbeing and its factors among low-income young adults in Malaysia. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 858630. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.858630
Sajid, M., Mushtaq, R., Murtaza, G., Yahiaoui, D., & Pereira, V. (2024). Financial literacy, confidence and well-being: The mediating role of financial behavior. Journal of Business Research, 182, Article 114791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.114791
Shim, S., Barber, B. L., Card, N. A., Xiao, J. J., & Serido, J. (2010). Financial socialization of first-year college students: The roles of parents, work, and education. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39(12), 1457–1470. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-009-9432-x
Shim, S., Xiao, J. J., Barber, B. L., & Lyons, A. C. (2009). Pathways to life success: A conceptual model of financial well-being for young adults. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 30(6), 708–723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2009.02.003
Xiao, J. J., Chen, C., & Chen, F. (2014). Consumer financial capability and financial satisfaction. Social Indicators Research, 118(1), 415–432. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0414-8
Xiao, J. J., & Porto, N. (2017). Financial education and financial satisfaction: Financial literacy, behavior, and capability as mediators. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 35(5), 805–817. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-01-2016-0009