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Abstract
This study aims to explore and analyze research trends in the field of Last Mile Delivery (LMD) by systematically mapping the direction of scientific studies over the past twelve years. This study also aims to identify future research agendas in the field of LMD based on topic trends and geographical distribution. A bibliometric approach was used to review academic literature sourced from Google Scholar and Scopus during the period 2013–2024. The analysis techniques employed included citation analysis, co-citation analysis, and keyword co-occurrence using VOSviewer software. This study analyzed publication data by time and geographical region, and examined the interrelationships among authors, institutions, and countries. The results show fluctuations in the number of publications each year, with a peak in 2019. A total of 186 documents were found, involving 494 authors from 9 countries, with the United Kingdom and the United States being the most prominent. In the last four years, publication trends have shown a significant decline. Theme cluster visualization reveals a diverse range of topics, including sustainability, technological innovation, consumer behavior, and urban distribution systems. This study provides theoretical contributions to understanding the scientific landscape of LMD and serves as a practical reference for policymakers and logistics practitioners in developing more adaptive and efficient final-mile delivery strategies. Further research is proposed to expand the scope of local and theoretical contexts.
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References
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- Agboyi, M. R. (2025). Supply Chain Collaboration, Last Mile Delivery Performance and Customer Experience: An Analysis of the Boundary Condition of Supply Chain Integrity. International Journal of Supply Chain and Logistics, 9(1), 21–44. https://doi.org/10.47941/ijscl.2447
- Boysen, N., Briskorn, D., Fedtke, S., & Schwerdfeger, S. (2018). Drone delivery from trucks: Drone scheduling for given truck routes. Networks, 72(4), 506–527. https://doi.org/10.1002/net.21847
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- Ignat, B., & Chankov, S. (2020). Do e-commerce customers change their preferred last-mile delivery based on its sustainability impact? The International Journal of Logistics Management, 31(3), 521–548. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLM-11-2019-0305
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- Kiba-Janiak, M., Marcinkowski, J., Jagoda, A., & Skowrońska, A. (2021). Sustainable last mile delivery on e-commerce market in cities from the perspective of various stakeholders. Literature review. Sustainable Cities and Society, 71, 102984. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.102984
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- Sharma, N., Nair, K., & Panchal, P. H. (2025). Impact Of Last Mile Delivery On Customer Satisfaction. 03, 8723–8734. https://doi.org/10.56726/IRJMETS70453
- Shuaibu, A. S., Mahmoud, A. S., & Sheltami, T. R. (2025). A Review of Last-Mile Delivery Optimization : Strategies , Technologies , Drone Integration , and Future Trends. 1–46.
- Tilk, C., Olkis, K., & Irnich, S. (2021). The last-mile vehicle routing problem with delivery options. OR Spectrum, 43(4), 877–904. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00291-021-00633-0
- Vakulenko, Y., Shams, P., Hellström, D., & Hjort, K. (2019). Service innovation in e-commerce last mile delivery: Mapping the e-customer journey. Journal of Business Research, 101, 461–468. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.01.016
- Vrhovac, V., Vasić, S., Milisavljević, S., Dudić, B., Štarchoň, P., & Žižakov, M. (2023). Measuring E-commerce user experience in the last-mile delivery. Mathematics, 11(6), 1482. https://doi.org/10.3390/math11061482
- Wang, Y., Zhang, S., Guan, X., Peng, S., Wang, H., Liu, Y., & Xu, M. (2020). Collaborative multi-depot logistics network design with time window assignment. Expert Systems with Applications, 140, 112910. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2019.112910
References
Agatz, N., Bouman, P., & Schmidt, M. (2018). Optimization approaches for the traveling salesperson problem with drone. Transportation Science, 52(4), 965–981. https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2017.0791
Agboyi, M. R. (2025). Supply Chain Collaboration, Last Mile Delivery Performance and Customer Experience: An Analysis of the Boundary Condition of Supply Chain Integrity. International Journal of Supply Chain and Logistics, 9(1), 21–44. https://doi.org/10.47941/ijscl.2447
Boysen, N., Briskorn, D., Fedtke, S., & Schwerdfeger, S. (2018). Drone delivery from trucks: Drone scheduling for given truck routes. Networks, 72(4), 506–527. https://doi.org/10.1002/net.21847
Cano, J. A., Londoño-Pineda, A., & Rodas, C. (2022). Sustainable logistics for e-commerce: A literature review and bibliometric analysis. Sustainability, 14(19), 12247. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912247
Chandratreya Phd, A., Patil, S., Joshi, N., & Anbhule, H. (2024). Last-Mile Delivery Optimization For Sustainable Environment. Community Practitioner: The Journal of the Community Practitioners’ & Health Visitors’ Association, 21, 1184–1205. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12743186
Cortes, J. D., & and Suzuki, Y. (2022). Last-mile delivery efficiency: en route transloading in the parcel delivery industry. International Journal of Production Research, 60(9), 2983–3000. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2021.1907628
Figliozzi, M. A. (2020). Carbon emissions reductions in last mile and grocery deliveries utilizing air and ground autonomous vehicles. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 85, 102443. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102443
Grabenschweiger, J., Doerner, K. F., Hartl, R. F., & Savelsbergh, M. W. P. (2021). The vehicle routing problem with heterogeneous locker boxes. Central European Journal of Operations Research, 29(1), 113–142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10100-020-00725-2
Ignat, B., & Chankov, S. (2020). Do e-commerce customers change their preferred last-mile delivery based on its sustainability impact? The International Journal of Logistics Management, 31(3), 521–548. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLM-11-2019-0305
Issaoui, Y., Khiat, A., Bahnasse, A., & Ouajji, H. (2021). Toward Smart Logistics: Engineering Insights and Emerging Trends. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering, 28(4), 3183–3210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-020-09494-2
Jazairy, A., Persson, E., Brho, M., von Haartman, R., & Hilletofth, P. (2025). Drones in last-mile delivery: a systematic literature review from a logistics management perspective. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 36(7), 1–62. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLM-04-2023-0149
Kiba-Janiak, M., Marcinkowski, J., Jagoda, A., & Skowrońska, A. (2021). Sustainable last mile delivery on e-commerce market in cities from the perspective of various stakeholders. Literature review. Sustainable Cities and Society, 71, 102984. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.102984
Klein, P., & Popp, B. (2022). Last-Mile Delivery Methods in E-Commerce: Does Perceived Sustainability Matter for Consumer Acceptance and Usage? Sustainability, 14, 16437. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416437
Mogire, E., Kilbourn, P. J., & Luke, R. (2023). Customer satisfaction with last-mile delivery in Kenya: An online customer perspective. Journal of Transport and Supply Chain Management, 17, 844. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/ejc-jtscm_v17_n1_a844
Mogire, E., Kilbourn, P., & Luke, R. (2025). Electric Vehicles in Last-Mile Delivery : A Bibliometric Review.
Olsson, J., Hellström, D., & Vakulenko, Y. (2022). Customer experience dimensions in last-mile delivery: an empirical study on unattended home delivery. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPDLM-12-2021-0517
Olsson, J., Hellström, D., & Vakulenko, Y. (2023). Customer experience dimensions in last-mile delivery: an empirical study on unattended home delivery. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 53(2), 184–205. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPDLM-12-2021-0517
Pourmohammadreza, N., Jokar, M. R. A., & Van Woensel, T. (2025). Last-mile logistics with alternative delivery locations: A systematic literature review. Results in Engineering, 25, 104085. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104085
Ranieri, L., Digiesi, S., Silvestri, B., & Roccotelli, M. (2018). A review of last mile logistics innovations in an externalities cost reduction vision. Sustainability, 10(3), 782. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10030782
Rechavi, A., & and Toch, E. (2022). Crowd logistics: Understanding auction-based pricing and couriers’ strategies in crowdsourcing package delivery. Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems, 26(2), 129–144. https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2020.1797503
Rhouzali, M., Fouraiji, H., Dachry, W., & Messaoudi, N. (2024). Sustainable Last Mile Delivery: A Literature Review and Future Directions BT - Proceeding of the 7th International Conference on Logistics Operations Management, GOL’24 (Y. Benadada, F.-Z. Mhada, J. Boukachour, F. Ouzayd, & A. El Hilali Alaoui (eds.); pp. 345–354). Springer Nature Switzerland.
Sharma, N., Nair, K., & Panchal, P. H. (2025). Impact Of Last Mile Delivery On Customer Satisfaction. 03, 8723–8734. https://doi.org/10.56726/IRJMETS70453
Shuaibu, A. S., Mahmoud, A. S., & Sheltami, T. R. (2025). A Review of Last-Mile Delivery Optimization : Strategies , Technologies , Drone Integration , and Future Trends. 1–46.
Tilk, C., Olkis, K., & Irnich, S. (2021). The last-mile vehicle routing problem with delivery options. OR Spectrum, 43(4), 877–904. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00291-021-00633-0
Vakulenko, Y., Shams, P., Hellström, D., & Hjort, K. (2019). Service innovation in e-commerce last mile delivery: Mapping the e-customer journey. Journal of Business Research, 101, 461–468. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.01.016
Vrhovac, V., Vasić, S., Milisavljević, S., Dudić, B., Štarchoň, P., & Žižakov, M. (2023). Measuring E-commerce user experience in the last-mile delivery. Mathematics, 11(6), 1482. https://doi.org/10.3390/math11061482
Wang, Y., Zhang, S., Guan, X., Peng, S., Wang, H., Liu, Y., & Xu, M. (2020). Collaborative multi-depot logistics network design with time window assignment. Expert Systems with Applications, 140, 112910. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2019.112910