Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the influence of the homeroom teacher’s role as a learning coach on the academic grit of ninth-grade students. In addition, this study examines the role of self-regulated learning as a mediating variable in the relationship between learning coaching and academic grit. The research employed a quantitative explanatory design complemented by qualitative analysis to deepen the interpretation of findings. Quantitative data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), while qualitative data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation.
The results indicate that the homeroom teacher’s role as a learning coach has a positive and significant effect on students’ self-regulated learning and academic grit. Self-regulated learning also shows a significant influence on academic grit and functions as a mediating variable. Qualitative findings support the quantitative results, revealing that reflective and personalized learning coaching practices enhance students’ learning autonomy, perseverance, and consistency in facing academic challenges. This study highlights the importance of optimizing the homeroom teacher’s role as a learning coach to strengthen academic grit and improve student support management in junior secondary schools.
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References
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- Alabi, A. T., & Jelili, M. O. (2022). Clarifying Likert scale misconceptions for improved application in urban studies. Quality & Quantity, 57(2), 1337–1350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-022-01415-8
- Albright, J., & DiNapoli, J. (2023). Distinguishing between grit, persistence, and perseverance for learning mathematics with understanding. Education Sciences, 13(4), 402. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13040402
- Andrianie, S., Wulandari, A., & Makhmudah, U. (2025). Model konseling berbasis nilai Serat Wedhatama untuk meningkatkan grit: Kajian paradigma psikologi konseling multikultural. Nusantara of Research: Jurnal Hasil-Hasil Penelitian Universitas Nusantara PGRI Kediri, 12(2), 154–166. https://doi.org/10.29407/nor.v12i2.19813
- Boru, E. M., Hwang, J., & Ahmad, A. Y. (2025). Understanding the drivers of agricultural innovation in Ethiopia’s integrated agro-industrial parks: A structural equation modeling and qualitative insights approach. Agriculture, 15(4), 355. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15040355
- Cheung, G. W., Cooper-Thomas, H. D., Lau, R. S., & Wang, L. C. (2023). Reporting reliability, convergent and discriminant validity with structural equation modeling: A review and best-practice recommendations. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 41(2), 745–783. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-023-09871-y
- Datu, J. A. D. (2021). Beyond passion and perseverance: Review and future research initiatives on the science of grit. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 545526. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.545526
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- Eungoo, K., & Hwang, H.-J. (2021). Ethical conducts in qualitative research methodology: Participant observation and interview process. Journal of Research and Publication Ethics, 2(2), 5–10. https://doi.org/10.15722/jrpe.2.2.202109.5
- Hossan, D., Aktar, A., Zhang, Q., & Malaysia, P. (2020). A study on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) as emerging tool in action research. LC International Journal of STEM, 1(4), 130–146. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11488980
- Kadroon, T. (2023). Using coaching and mentoring supervision of lesson study to enhance classroom research competencies: A multi-case study. International Journal for Lesson and Learning Studies, 12(4), 330–342. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLLS-05-2023-0055
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- Nehrusingh P, G. (2024). Academic coaching for metacognitive mastery: Skills for enhancing self-awareness and learning autonomy. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1006197
- Ngo, M. T., Minh, M., & Ngo, T. (2024). A teacher’s perspective on grit and student success in a high school physics classroom. In Education, 29(3), 94–116. https://doi.org/10.37119/ojs2024.v29i3.746
- Obeng, P., Srem-Sai, M., Salifu, I., Amoadu, M., Arthur, F., Agormedah, E. K., Hagan, J. E., & Schack, T. (2025). Linking students’ grit and academic engagement: Mediating role of academic motivation and self-regulated learning. British Educational Research Journal, 51(5), 2511–2535. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.4185
- Provost, K. A. (2022). The perceptions of instructional coaches regarding relational trust with teachers: A qualitative phenomenological study [Doctoral dissertation, University of New England]. DUNE: DigitalUNE. https://dune.une.edu/theses/404
- Rahayu, I. A., & Hardina, D. (2024). Self-management efforts for working students. European Journal of Psychological Research, 11(3). www.idpublications.org
- Ramaila, S. (n.d.). Fostering holistic development: The integral role of educators in nurturing student growth and learning. In [Book chapter] (pp. 117–146). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-6427-7.ch005
- Romanovska, L., & Novak, M. (2024). The role of teacher-student relationships in providing social and psychological support to participants of the educational process. Social Work and Education, 11(2), 308–319. https://doi.org/10.25128/2520-6230.24.2.11
- Saftari, R., Mulyadi, H., & Supardi, E. (2025). Tracing the role of artificial intelligence in self-regulated learning: A systematic review using the Winne and Hadwin framework (2007–2025). Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori dan Praktik, 10(1), 78–92. https://doi.org/10.26740/jp.v10n1.p78-92
- Tang, X., Wang, M.-T., Parada, F., & Salmela-Aro, K. (2020). Putting the goal back into grit: Academic goal commitment, grit, and academic achievement. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 50(3), 470–484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-020-01348-1
- Upreti, K., Kushwah, V. S., Vats, P., Alam, M. S., Singhai, R., Jain, D., & Tiwari, A. (2024). A SWOT analysis of integrating cognitive and non-cognitive learning strategies in education. European Journal of Education, 59(2), e12614. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12614
- Vittadini, G., Sturaro, C., & Folloni, G. (2022). Non-cognitive skills and cognitive skills to measure school efficiency. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 81, 101058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2021.101058
- Wahid, M., & Raj, Z. (2025). The role of data science in optimizing project efficiency and innovation in U.S. enterprises. International Journal of Business and Economics Insights, 5(3), 586–600. https://doi.org/10.63125/jzjkqm27
- Wang, L. (2021). The role of students’ self-regulated learning, grit, and resilience in second language learning. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 800488. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.800488
- Wiguna, I. G. N. H., & Dewi, N. A. W. T. (2024). Integrasi nilai Tri Kaya Parisudha dan Karma Phala sebagai moderasi pengaruh komitmen profesional dan pengalaman terhadap perilaku etis auditor. Vokasi: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.23887/vjra.v13i3.104043
- Yalçin, H. (2025). A sustainable partial least squares structural equation modeling framework for integrating milk quality and yield dynamics in Awassi ewes. Journal of Dairy Science, 108(9), 9222–9237. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2025-26896
- Yasin, A. F., Susilawati, S., Supriyatno, T., Tasir, Z., Asmawati, I., Chakim, A., & Putri, C. A. (2025). Innovative learning models in improving the spirituality of higher education students in Indonesia and Malaysia. Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 8(3), 714–731. https://doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v8i3.319
- Zhou, S., & Hou, H. (2025). The interplay of self-efficacy, grit, and metacognition in shaping work engagement among EFL teachers: A comparative study of Mainland China and Hong Kong. BMC Psychology, 13, 468. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02761-6
References
Ainley, J., & Schulz, W. (2025). Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) 2024 conceptual framework. OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey. https://doi.org/10.1787/7b8f85d4-en
Alabi, A. T., & Jelili, M. O. (2022). Clarifying Likert scale misconceptions for improved application in urban studies. Quality & Quantity, 57(2), 1337–1350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-022-01415-8
Albright, J., & DiNapoli, J. (2023). Distinguishing between grit, persistence, and perseverance for learning mathematics with understanding. Education Sciences, 13(4), 402. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13040402
Andrianie, S., Wulandari, A., & Makhmudah, U. (2025). Model konseling berbasis nilai Serat Wedhatama untuk meningkatkan grit: Kajian paradigma psikologi konseling multikultural. Nusantara of Research: Jurnal Hasil-Hasil Penelitian Universitas Nusantara PGRI Kediri, 12(2), 154–166. https://doi.org/10.29407/nor.v12i2.19813
Boru, E. M., Hwang, J., & Ahmad, A. Y. (2025). Understanding the drivers of agricultural innovation in Ethiopia’s integrated agro-industrial parks: A structural equation modeling and qualitative insights approach. Agriculture, 15(4), 355. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15040355
Cheung, G. W., Cooper-Thomas, H. D., Lau, R. S., & Wang, L. C. (2023). Reporting reliability, convergent and discriminant validity with structural equation modeling: A review and best-practice recommendations. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 41(2), 745–783. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-023-09871-y
Datu, J. A. D. (2021). Beyond passion and perseverance: Review and future research initiatives on the science of grit. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 545526. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.545526
Didin H. P, M. H. (2023). Pengaruh beban kerja, gaya kepemimpinan dan kedisplinan terhadap kinerja guru. Revenue: Lentera Bisnis Manajemen, 1(4), 149–161. https://doi.org/10.59422/lbm.v1i04.85
Duckett, L. J. (2021). Quantitative research excellence: Study design and reliable and valid measurement of variables. Journal of Human Lactation, 37(3), 456–463. https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344211019285
Eungoo, K., & Hwang, H.-J. (2021). Ethical conducts in qualitative research methodology: Participant observation and interview process. Journal of Research and Publication Ethics, 2(2), 5–10. https://doi.org/10.15722/jrpe.2.2.202109.5
Hossan, D., Aktar, A., Zhang, Q., & Malaysia, P. (2020). A study on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) as emerging tool in action research. LC International Journal of STEM, 1(4), 130–146. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11488980
Kadroon, T. (2023). Using coaching and mentoring supervision of lesson study to enhance classroom research competencies: A multi-case study. International Journal for Lesson and Learning Studies, 12(4), 330–342. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLLS-05-2023-0055
Kurtz, S. (2024). Examining the influence of professional learning communities on grit and social-emotional skill development in students and collective teacher efficacy within a middle school [Doctoral dissertation, National Louis University]. Digital Commons. https://digitalcommons.nl.edu/diss/841
Lin, H. M., Lee, M. H., Liang, J. C., Chang, H. Y., Huang, P., & Tsai, C. C. (2020). A review of using partial least square structural equation modeling in e-learning research. British Journal of Educational Technology, 51(4), 1354–1372. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12890
Lofthouse, R. M., Rose, A., & Whiteside, R. (2022). Understanding coaching efficacy in education through activity systems: Privileging the nuances of provision. International Journal of Mentoring and Coaching in Education, 11(2), 153–169. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMCE-02-2021-0036
Manuel, J., Geduld, B., & Kaiser, K. (2024). Encouraging self-regulated learning: Examining the feedback approaches and teaching strategies employed by English Home Language teachers. Frontiers in Education, 9, 1447955. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1447955
Montas, M., Rao, S. R., Atassi, H. A., Shapiro, M. C., Dean, J., & Salama, A. R. (2021). Relationship of grit and resilience to dental students’ academic success. Journal of Dental Education, 85(2), 176–186. https://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.12414
Naqvi, A. (2021). Studying the impact of grit in the learning of young children by way of implementing a student-teacher mentorship program in elementary grades [Doctoral dissertation, National Louis University]. Digital Commons. https://digitalcommons.nl.edu/diss/612
Nehrusingh P, G. (2024). Academic coaching for metacognitive mastery: Skills for enhancing self-awareness and learning autonomy. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1006197
Ngo, M. T., Minh, M., & Ngo, T. (2024). A teacher’s perspective on grit and student success in a high school physics classroom. In Education, 29(3), 94–116. https://doi.org/10.37119/ojs2024.v29i3.746
Obeng, P., Srem-Sai, M., Salifu, I., Amoadu, M., Arthur, F., Agormedah, E. K., Hagan, J. E., & Schack, T. (2025). Linking students’ grit and academic engagement: Mediating role of academic motivation and self-regulated learning. British Educational Research Journal, 51(5), 2511–2535. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.4185
Provost, K. A. (2022). The perceptions of instructional coaches regarding relational trust with teachers: A qualitative phenomenological study [Doctoral dissertation, University of New England]. DUNE: DigitalUNE. https://dune.une.edu/theses/404
Rahayu, I. A., & Hardina, D. (2024). Self-management efforts for working students. European Journal of Psychological Research, 11(3). www.idpublications.org
Ramaila, S. (n.d.). Fostering holistic development: The integral role of educators in nurturing student growth and learning. In [Book chapter] (pp. 117–146). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-6427-7.ch005
Romanovska, L., & Novak, M. (2024). The role of teacher-student relationships in providing social and psychological support to participants of the educational process. Social Work and Education, 11(2), 308–319. https://doi.org/10.25128/2520-6230.24.2.11
Saftari, R., Mulyadi, H., & Supardi, E. (2025). Tracing the role of artificial intelligence in self-regulated learning: A systematic review using the Winne and Hadwin framework (2007–2025). Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori dan Praktik, 10(1), 78–92. https://doi.org/10.26740/jp.v10n1.p78-92
Tang, X., Wang, M.-T., Parada, F., & Salmela-Aro, K. (2020). Putting the goal back into grit: Academic goal commitment, grit, and academic achievement. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 50(3), 470–484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-020-01348-1
Upreti, K., Kushwah, V. S., Vats, P., Alam, M. S., Singhai, R., Jain, D., & Tiwari, A. (2024). A SWOT analysis of integrating cognitive and non-cognitive learning strategies in education. European Journal of Education, 59(2), e12614. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12614
Vittadini, G., Sturaro, C., & Folloni, G. (2022). Non-cognitive skills and cognitive skills to measure school efficiency. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 81, 101058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2021.101058
Wahid, M., & Raj, Z. (2025). The role of data science in optimizing project efficiency and innovation in U.S. enterprises. International Journal of Business and Economics Insights, 5(3), 586–600. https://doi.org/10.63125/jzjkqm27
Wang, L. (2021). The role of students’ self-regulated learning, grit, and resilience in second language learning. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 800488. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.800488
Wiguna, I. G. N. H., & Dewi, N. A. W. T. (2024). Integrasi nilai Tri Kaya Parisudha dan Karma Phala sebagai moderasi pengaruh komitmen profesional dan pengalaman terhadap perilaku etis auditor. Vokasi: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.23887/vjra.v13i3.104043
Yalçin, H. (2025). A sustainable partial least squares structural equation modeling framework for integrating milk quality and yield dynamics in Awassi ewes. Journal of Dairy Science, 108(9), 9222–9237. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2025-26896
Yasin, A. F., Susilawati, S., Supriyatno, T., Tasir, Z., Asmawati, I., Chakim, A., & Putri, C. A. (2025). Innovative learning models in improving the spirituality of higher education students in Indonesia and Malaysia. Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 8(3), 714–731. https://doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v8i3.319
Zhou, S., & Hou, H. (2025). The interplay of self-efficacy, grit, and metacognition in shaping work engagement among EFL teachers: A comparative study of Mainland China and Hong Kong. BMC Psychology, 13, 468. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02761-6