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Abstract
This study addresses the declining performance of Civil Servants at the Regional Secretariat of Cilegon City, which is associated with low work motivation, inadequate discipline, and insufficient employee competence. These issues are reflected in the failure to achieve performance targets optimally, limited employee initiative, and recurring disciplinary violations. The study aims to examine the influence of work discipline and employee competence on employee performance, with work motivation acting as an intervening variable. A quantitative survey approach was employed involving 107 Civil Servants as respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires and analysed using Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings indicate that both work discipline and employee competence have a positive and significant effect on employee performance. In addition, work motivation strengthens the relationship between employee competence and performance, although it does not fully mediate the effect of work discipline on performance. These results emphasize the important role of motivation in improving employee performance through enhanced competence. Therefore, the Cilegon City Government is encouraged to strengthen discipline enforcement, expand competency development programs, and implement sustainable motivational strategies. Such efforts are expected to create a workforce that is disciplined, competent, and motivated, ultimately supporting the achievement of organizational goals and improving public service performance.
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References
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References
Bhatta, D. D., Pi, Y., Sarfraz, M., Ul, Z., Jaffri, A., Ivascu, L., & Ozturk, I. (2024). What determines the entrepreneurial intentions of employees? A moderated mediation model of entrepreneurial motivation and innovative work behavior. Heliyon, 10, e24678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24678
Haag, S., Siegfried, N., & Winkler, N. (2025). Informal control responses to information security policy violations: A factorial survey on insurance employees’ moral licensing of insider threats. Computers & Security, 157, 104575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2025.104575
Jong-Kroon, N. de, Robbers, S., Vrieling-Teunter, E., & Vermeulen, M. (2025). Predicting teacher attrition in secondary education: A comparison of models that explain teacher behaviour. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 9, 100471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2025.100471
Keating, B. W., Mulcahy, R., Riedel, A., Beatson, A., & Letheren, K. (2025). Designing AI to elicit positive word-of-mouth in service recovery: The role of stress, anthropomorphism, and personal resources. International Journal of Information Management, 84, 102916. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2025.102916
Maria, C. (2026). Gender diversity interventions in software engineering: A comprehensive review of existing practices. Computer Science Review, 59, 100812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosrev.2025.100812
Maulana, A., Maminirina, R., & Sutrisno, S. (2025). Artificial intelligence, job seeker, and career trajectory: How AI-based learning experiences affect commitment of fresh graduates to be an accountant? Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 8, 100413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100413
Noorbehbahani, F., & Oyibo, K. (2026). AI-overdependence and human cognitive decline: Hazards, evidence, and mitigation strategies. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 22, 101102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2026.101102
Olafsen, A. H., & Carpini, J. A. (2026). Self-determination theory in the workplace: The evolution, present, and beyond. Journal of Business Research, 210, 116146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2026.116146
Orkamo, M., Ukko, J., Rantala, T., & Saunila, M. (2025). Leadership behaviours to promote organisational performance in private sector digital transformation: A systematic literature review. Digital Business, 5(2), 100155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.digbus.2025.100155
Pandey, A., Maheshwari, M., & Malik, N. (2025). A systematic literature review on employee well-being: Mapping multi-level antecedents, moderators, mediators and future research agenda. Acta Psychologica, 258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105126
Pozo-Rico, T., Scott, R., Magdalena, B., & Castejón, J. (2024). Riding the wave towards flourishing in STEM education: Enhancing teaching efficacy through a K–12 training program. Teaching and Teacher Education, 143, 104564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2024.104564
Rai, S. S., & Koodamara, N. K. (2025). How does trust in leader influence organizational commitment? A test of a moderated mediation model. Acta Psychologica, 257, 105092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105092
Rantschl, M., Ramsauer, C., Wolf, M., Herst, P., & Magana, A. J. (2025). Reality immersive learning factories for promoting experiential manufacturing education and STEM competency development. Computers & Education: X Reality, 7, 100125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cexr.2025.100125
Retno, H. G., Sudibjo, N., Riady, S., & Yu, P. (2026). Beyond numbers and metrics: Ambidextrous behavior as a mediator between knowledge management, perceived organizational support, and research productivity in an Indonesian university. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 13, 102514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2026.102514
Shetty, J. P., Singh, P., & Verma, S. (2026). Robo-advisors in financial services: Redefining wealth management in the age of artificial intelligence. Finance Research Open, 2(1), 100090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finr.2026.100090
Sun, D., & Zhao, S. (2025). The influence mechanism of emotional labor on the turnover intention of college counselors: Based on the multiple effects of emotional exhaustion and perceived organizational support. Acta Psychologica, 260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105245
Thilagavathy, S. (2025). Mapping the landscape of employee flourishing: A systematic review and bibliometric analysis for sustainable HR practices. Sustainable Futures, 10, 101491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2025.101491
Wang, Y., Zulqarnain, M., & Arshad, D. (2025). Proactive eco-initiatives in healthcare: Exploring the role of motivation, organizational culture, and leadership. Acta Psychologica, 255, 104921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104921
Zehnle, M., Hildebrand, C., & Valenzuela, A. (2025). Not all AI is created equal: A meta-analysis revealing drivers of AI resistance across markets, methods, and time. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 42(3), 729–751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2025.02.005
Zhang, C., Ma, Y., Zhang, W., & Lin, W. (2026). Can control enable creativity? Revisiting the role of algorithmic control in employee innovation. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 21, 100916. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2025.100916
Zhu, D., Wang, P. Q., Kim, S., Park, I., & Kim, P. B. (2025). Crafting creativity and its impact on the trajectory of career withdrawal intentions of hospitality employees: A latent growth modeling approach. Tourism Management, 110, 105189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2025.105189