Main Article Content
Abstract
This research examines whether managerial ownership and executive behavior influence corporate tax planning practices, with corporate governance as a moderating factor over the 2020-2024. The study is motivated by variations in Effective Tax Rates among companies, which indicate differences in tax planning strategies. The implementation of tax planning serves as a legal strategy to minimize the tax burdens. However, overly aggressive tax planning can pose a risk of loss to the company. A quantitative design as employed using purpose sampling and obtaining 18 food and beverage manufacturing companies with a total of 90 observational data. Hypotheses were tested with multiple linear regression and Moderatation Regression Analysis (MRA). The results showed that managerial ownership yields not significantly affect on tax planning, whereas executive characteristics have a negative effect on tax planning. Simultaneously, both variables have a significant effect on tax planning, and corporate governance was unable to moderate each variable effect indivually, but successfully moderated the overall effect of both variables on tax planning.
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References
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- Haztania, S., & Lestari, T. U. (2023). Pengaruh Transfer Pricing, Karakter Eksekutif, dan Koneksi Politik Terhadap Tax Avoidance. Cakrawala Repositori IMWI, 6(1), 289–304. https://doi.org/10.52851/cakrawala.v6i1.112
- Kartadjumena, E., & Muntazhar, M. M. (2021). Do the Executive Characters and Leverage can affect Tax Avoidance?: Evidence from Indonesia Mining and Coal Listed Companies. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, 12(11), 1418–1425. www.idx.co.id
- Kiswanto, & Hidayah, T. U. S. (2023). The Effect of Executive Character, Capital Intensity, Sales Growth, and Financial Distress on Tax Avoidance. In Proceedings of the Unima International Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities (UNICSSH 2022) (pp. 1014–1022). Atlantis Press SARL. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-35-0_122
- Knaisch, J. (2024). How to account for tax planning and its uncertainty in firm valuation? Journal of Business Economics, 94(4), 579–611. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11573-023-01177-1
- Kurniawan, D. P., Lisetyati, E., & Setiyorini, W. (2021). Pengaruh Leverage, Corporate Governance, dan Intensitas Modal Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak The Effect of Leverage, Corporate Governance, and Capital Intensity on Tax Aggressiveness. In Jurnal Akuntansi dan Perpajakan (Vol. 7, Number 2). http://jurnal.unmer.ac.id/index.php/ap
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- Kusufiyah, Y. V., & Anggraini, D. (2022). Trend Penghindaran Pajak Pada Perusahaan Makanan dan Minuman Yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Dharma Andalas, 24(1), 217–226. https://doi.org/10.47233/jebd.v24i1.396
- Mamun, N. I. E., Purba, R. T. S., & Oei, S. A. (2025). Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Tax Planning Dengan Komisaris Independen Sebagai Variabel Mediasi. Jurnal Media Akademik (JMA), 3(6), 3031–5220. https://doi.org/10.62281
- Marfiana, A., & Andriyanto, T. (2021). Pengaruh Struktur Kepemilikan Perusahaan Terhadap Tax Avoidance di Indonesia Dengan Corporate Governance Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. Jurnal Pajak Dan Keuangan Negara (PKN), 3(1), 178–196. https://doi.org/10.31092/jpkn.v3i1.1226
- Marheni, M., & Setiawan, D. (2025). Corporate governance on tax aggressiveness: the moderating role of foreign ownership and financial expertise in cross-country study of Indonesia and Malaysia. LBS Journal of Management & Research, 23(2), 253–280. https://doi.org/10.1108/LBSJMR-08-2024-0087
- Nababan, D., & Hartikayanti, H. N. (2025). Pengaruh Kepemilikan Institusional, Kepemilikan Manajerial Dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Financial Distress Pada Perusahaan Sektor Transportation & Logistic. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi (MEA), 9(1), 1557–1576. https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.v9i1.5235
- Purwitasari, A., Mutafarida, B., & Yuliani. (2024). Urgensi Pajak Dalam Mendorong Pembangunan Infrastruktur dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Dan Manajemen, 2(6), 656–666. https://doi.org/10.61722/jiem.v2i6.1584
- Putri, S. D. N., & Titik Aryati. (2023). Pengaruh Kepemilikan Institusional, Intensitas Modal Dan Karakter Eksekutif Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak Dengan Koneksi Politik Sebagai Moderasi Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur. Jurnal Ekonomi Trisakti, 3(1), 1573–1582. https://doi.org/10.25105/jet.v3i1.16171
- Rhani, A. S., & Kustinah, S. (2023). Pengaruh Family Onership dan Good Corporate Governance Terhadap Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure. Jurnal Ilmiah Edunomika, 07(02), 1. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29040/jie.v7i2.9150
- Ridhawati, R., & Mulyani, S. (2022). The Effect of Managerial Ownership, Institutional Ownership and Audit Committee on Tax Avoidance in Mining Companies Listed on The IDX in 2017-2020. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Manajemen.
- Rizki, P., Arieftiara, D., & Masripah. (2021). Pengaruh Karakteristik Eksekutif Dan Kepemilikan Institusional Terhadap Tax Avoidance Dengan Corporate Governance Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. Jurnal Indonesia Sains, 2(9), 1541–1557. http://jiss.publikasiindonesia.id/
- Sandra, A. (2022). Pengaruh Diversitas Gender Dalam Dewan Direksi, Dewan Komisaris, Dan Komite Audit, Serta Kepemilikan Manajerial Dan Kepemilikan Institusional Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak. JOURNAL OF APPLIED MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING, 6(2), 187–203. https://doi.org/10.30871/jama.v6i2.4244
- Saragih, A. E., Sembiring, Y. C. B., & Purba, M. R. F. B. (2023). Pengaruh Leverage, Profitability, Ukuran Perusahaan Dan Proporsi Kepemilikan Institusional Terhadap Tax Planning. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 9(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.54367/jrak.v9i1.2451
- Sasriani, N. A., & Sugeng, A. (2025). Pengaruh Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility, Kompensasi Eksekutif Dan Kepemilikan Manajerial Terhadap Tax Avoidance. Jurnal Nusa Akuntansi, 2(1), 322–347. https://doi.org/10.62237/jna.v2i1.148
- Septanta, R. (2023). Pengaruh Kepemilikan Institusional, Kepemilikan Manajerial, Dan Kompensasi Rugi Fiskal Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. Scientific Journal Of Reflection : Economic, Accounting, Management and Business, 6(1), 95–104. https://doi.org/10.37481/sjr.v6i1.623
- Sudarno, Renaldo, N., Hutauruk, M. B., Junaedi, A. T., & Suyono. (2022). Teori Penelitian Keuangan (Andi, Ed.; 1st ed.). CV Literasi Nusantara Abadi. https://ipusnas2.perpusnas.go.id/book/276eac3b-4f9f-4640-8d80-a7fc95f78023/789493d9-4f7c-48d1-ad32-e2c120461f68
- Tambun, N., & Larasati, A. Y. (2026). The Effect Of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure On Tax Planning With Firm Size As A Moderating Variable (Case Study of the Food and Beverage Sub-sector Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the Period 2020-2024). Journal of Islamic Economic and Business, 8(1), 2026. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24256/kharaj.v8i1.9065
- Tyas, A. A., & Binekas, B. (2023). The Effect of Firm Size and Institutional Ownership on Tax Avoidance. Accounting and Finance Studies, 3(4), 239–251. https://doi.org/10.47153/afs34.7052023
- Wardani, D. K., & Dawa, M. E. T. (2022). Pengaruh Corporate Governance Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak Dengan Risiko Perusahaan Sebagai Variabel Intervening. Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Dan Sosial Humaniora, 1(10), 2223–2236. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.53625/jpdsh.v1i10.3182
- Wiguna, M. A. K., & Sinarwati, N. K. (2025). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage dan Transfer Pricing terhadap Tax Planning. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Humanika, 15, 345–356. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.23887/jiah.v15i2.100222
- Yuliana, D., Susanti, S., & Zulaihati, S. (2021). Pengaruh Financial Distress dan Corporate Governance terhadap Tax Avoidance. Jurnal Akuntansi, Perpajakan Dan Auditing, 2(2), 435–451. https://doi.org/10.21009/japa.0202.14
References
Afzali, M., & Thor, T. (2025). Corporate culture and tax planning. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 64(2), 861–898. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11156-024-01320-1
Ari, I. R. H., & Damayanti, T. W. (2021). Pengaruh Kepemilikan Manajerial Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak: Corporate Governance Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. Jurnal Proaksi, 8(2), 329–343. https://doi.org/10.32534/jpk.v8i2.1873
Azzahra, K., & Prastiani, S. C. (2024). Pengaruh Manajemen Laba, Capital Intensity Dan Karakter Eksekutif Terhadap Tax Avoidance Pada Perusahaan Sektor Property Dan Real Estate. Jurnal Ilmiah Raflesia Akuntansi, 10(1), 185–194. https://doi.org/10.53494/jira.v10i1.377
Curry, K., & Fikri, I. Z. (2023). Determinan Financial Distress, Thin Capitalization, Karakteristik Eeksekutif, dan Multinationality Terhadap Praktik Tax Acoidance Pada Perusahaan Properti dan Real Estate. Jurnal Informasi, Perpajakan, Akuntansi, Dan Keuangan Publik, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.25105/jipak.v18i1.12396
Dewi, N. K. U., & Wulandari, D. A. E. (2025). Pengaruh Tax Planning, Tax Avoidance, dan Firm Size terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. RIGGS: Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business, 4(2), 486–492. https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v4i2.526
Dwijayanti, W., & Jayanti, D. (2024). Do Independent Commissioners, Green Investments, And Green Innovation Affect Environmental, Social, And Governance (Esg)? KEUNIS, 12(2), 133. https://doi.org/10.32497/keunis.v12i2.5525
Ezeala, G., & Okerekeoti, C. U. (2021). Corporate Governance And Tax Avoidance: An Empirical Study Of Quoted Food And Beverage Firms In Nigeria. International Journal of Research in Education and Sustainable Development, 1(9), 1–14. www.ijaar.org
GresNews. (2013). Indofood Sukses Makmur Kalah di Peninjauan Kembali MA. Gresnews. https://www.gresnews.com/artikel/81932/Indofood-Sukses-Makmur-Kalah-di-Peninjauan-Kembali-MA/#google_vignette
Haztania, S., & Lestari, T. U. (2023). Pengaruh Transfer Pricing, Karakter Eksekutif, dan Koneksi Politik Terhadap Tax Avoidance. Cakrawala Repositori IMWI, 6(1), 289–304. https://doi.org/10.52851/cakrawala.v6i1.112
Kartadjumena, E., & Muntazhar, M. M. (2021). Do the Executive Characters and Leverage can affect Tax Avoidance?: Evidence from Indonesia Mining and Coal Listed Companies. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, 12(11), 1418–1425. www.idx.co.id
Kiswanto, & Hidayah, T. U. S. (2023). The Effect of Executive Character, Capital Intensity, Sales Growth, and Financial Distress on Tax Avoidance. In Proceedings of the Unima International Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities (UNICSSH 2022) (pp. 1014–1022). Atlantis Press SARL. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-35-0_122
Knaisch, J. (2024). How to account for tax planning and its uncertainty in firm valuation? Journal of Business Economics, 94(4), 579–611. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11573-023-01177-1
Kurniawan, D. P., Lisetyati, E., & Setiyorini, W. (2021). Pengaruh Leverage, Corporate Governance, dan Intensitas Modal Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak The Effect of Leverage, Corporate Governance, and Capital Intensity on Tax Aggressiveness. In Jurnal Akuntansi dan Perpajakan (Vol. 7, Number 2). http://jurnal.unmer.ac.id/index.php/ap
Kurniawati, D., Erliana, Febriyanto, M. I., & Yulyanah. (2025). The Influence of Managerial Ownership on Company Value in Manufacturing Companies. IJESS International Journal of Education and Social Science, 6(1), 170–175. https://doi.org/10.56371/ijess.v6i1.446
Kusufiyah, Y. V., & Anggraini, D. (2022). Trend Penghindaran Pajak Pada Perusahaan Makanan dan Minuman Yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Dharma Andalas, 24(1), 217–226. https://doi.org/10.47233/jebd.v24i1.396
Mamun, N. I. E., Purba, R. T. S., & Oei, S. A. (2025). Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Tax Planning Dengan Komisaris Independen Sebagai Variabel Mediasi. Jurnal Media Akademik (JMA), 3(6), 3031–5220. https://doi.org/10.62281
Marfiana, A., & Andriyanto, T. (2021). Pengaruh Struktur Kepemilikan Perusahaan Terhadap Tax Avoidance di Indonesia Dengan Corporate Governance Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. Jurnal Pajak Dan Keuangan Negara (PKN), 3(1), 178–196. https://doi.org/10.31092/jpkn.v3i1.1226
Marheni, M., & Setiawan, D. (2025). Corporate governance on tax aggressiveness: the moderating role of foreign ownership and financial expertise in cross-country study of Indonesia and Malaysia. LBS Journal of Management & Research, 23(2), 253–280. https://doi.org/10.1108/LBSJMR-08-2024-0087
Nababan, D., & Hartikayanti, H. N. (2025). Pengaruh Kepemilikan Institusional, Kepemilikan Manajerial Dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Financial Distress Pada Perusahaan Sektor Transportation & Logistic. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi (MEA), 9(1), 1557–1576. https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.v9i1.5235
Purwitasari, A., Mutafarida, B., & Yuliani. (2024). Urgensi Pajak Dalam Mendorong Pembangunan Infrastruktur dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Dan Manajemen, 2(6), 656–666. https://doi.org/10.61722/jiem.v2i6.1584
Putri, S. D. N., & Titik Aryati. (2023). Pengaruh Kepemilikan Institusional, Intensitas Modal Dan Karakter Eksekutif Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak Dengan Koneksi Politik Sebagai Moderasi Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur. Jurnal Ekonomi Trisakti, 3(1), 1573–1582. https://doi.org/10.25105/jet.v3i1.16171
Rhani, A. S., & Kustinah, S. (2023). Pengaruh Family Onership dan Good Corporate Governance Terhadap Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure. Jurnal Ilmiah Edunomika, 07(02), 1. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29040/jie.v7i2.9150
Ridhawati, R., & Mulyani, S. (2022). The Effect of Managerial Ownership, Institutional Ownership and Audit Committee on Tax Avoidance in Mining Companies Listed on The IDX in 2017-2020. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Manajemen.
Rizki, P., Arieftiara, D., & Masripah. (2021). Pengaruh Karakteristik Eksekutif Dan Kepemilikan Institusional Terhadap Tax Avoidance Dengan Corporate Governance Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. Jurnal Indonesia Sains, 2(9), 1541–1557. http://jiss.publikasiindonesia.id/
Sandra, A. (2022). Pengaruh Diversitas Gender Dalam Dewan Direksi, Dewan Komisaris, Dan Komite Audit, Serta Kepemilikan Manajerial Dan Kepemilikan Institusional Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak. JOURNAL OF APPLIED MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING, 6(2), 187–203. https://doi.org/10.30871/jama.v6i2.4244
Saragih, A. E., Sembiring, Y. C. B., & Purba, M. R. F. B. (2023). Pengaruh Leverage, Profitability, Ukuran Perusahaan Dan Proporsi Kepemilikan Institusional Terhadap Tax Planning. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 9(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.54367/jrak.v9i1.2451
Sasriani, N. A., & Sugeng, A. (2025). Pengaruh Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility, Kompensasi Eksekutif Dan Kepemilikan Manajerial Terhadap Tax Avoidance. Jurnal Nusa Akuntansi, 2(1), 322–347. https://doi.org/10.62237/jna.v2i1.148
Septanta, R. (2023). Pengaruh Kepemilikan Institusional, Kepemilikan Manajerial, Dan Kompensasi Rugi Fiskal Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. Scientific Journal Of Reflection : Economic, Accounting, Management and Business, 6(1), 95–104. https://doi.org/10.37481/sjr.v6i1.623
Sudarno, Renaldo, N., Hutauruk, M. B., Junaedi, A. T., & Suyono. (2022). Teori Penelitian Keuangan (Andi, Ed.; 1st ed.). CV Literasi Nusantara Abadi. https://ipusnas2.perpusnas.go.id/book/276eac3b-4f9f-4640-8d80-a7fc95f78023/789493d9-4f7c-48d1-ad32-e2c120461f68
Tambun, N., & Larasati, A. Y. (2026). The Effect Of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure On Tax Planning With Firm Size As A Moderating Variable (Case Study of the Food and Beverage Sub-sector Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the Period 2020-2024). Journal of Islamic Economic and Business, 8(1), 2026. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24256/kharaj.v8i1.9065
Tyas, A. A., & Binekas, B. (2023). The Effect of Firm Size and Institutional Ownership on Tax Avoidance. Accounting and Finance Studies, 3(4), 239–251. https://doi.org/10.47153/afs34.7052023
Wardani, D. K., & Dawa, M. E. T. (2022). Pengaruh Corporate Governance Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak Dengan Risiko Perusahaan Sebagai Variabel Intervening. Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Dan Sosial Humaniora, 1(10), 2223–2236. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.53625/jpdsh.v1i10.3182
Wiguna, M. A. K., & Sinarwati, N. K. (2025). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage dan Transfer Pricing terhadap Tax Planning. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Humanika, 15, 345–356. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.23887/jiah.v15i2.100222
Yuliana, D., Susanti, S., & Zulaihati, S. (2021). Pengaruh Financial Distress dan Corporate Governance terhadap Tax Avoidance. Jurnal Akuntansi, Perpajakan Dan Auditing, 2(2), 435–451. https://doi.org/10.21009/japa.0202.14