Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the role of digital financial inclusion and women's participation in strengthening food independence among coastal communities in South Sulawesi. The research sample consisted of 100 female respondents from Takalar, Bantaeng, and Bulukumba Regencies. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed through the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach. The findings reveal that digital financial inclusion has a positive but not significant effect on food independence (β=0.176; p=0.139), while women's participation has a positive and significant effect on food independence (β=0.568; p<0.001). Simultaneously, the two variables explain 50.4% of the variation in food independence, with the remaining 49.6% influenced by factors outside the model. These results highlight that the active role of women in economic activities, social participation, and household decision-making is more decisive in achieving food independence than mere access to digital financial services. The practical implication of this study emphasizes the importance of strengthening women’s empowerment programs through financial literacy and digitalization, as well as expanding cross-sector collaboration to support the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly in the areas of gender equality, poverty alleviation, and food security in coastal regions.
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References
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- Anh, N. T., & Thu, L. T. (2025). Impact of financial behavior on savings strategies among the poor in Vietnam. Asian Development Policy Review, 13(2), 190–209. https://doi.org/10.55493/5008.v13i2.5400
- Aripin, & Zuhriyah, N. A. (2025). Empowering women through financial literacy and business management skill: Empirical evidence from Indonesia. Social Sciences and Humanities Open, 12(March). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101976
- Balasubramnian, B., & Sargent, C. S. (2020). Impact of inflated perceptions of financial literacy on financial decision making. Journal of Economic Psychology, 80(January), 102306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2020.102306
- Barrios, A., Camacho, S., & Reficco, E. (2025). Digital technologies for inclusive innovations in humanitarian response. Journal of Business Research, 201(September). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2025.115714
- Bhukta, R., Jha, C. K., Joshi, S., & Sedai, A. K. (2025). Does bank expansion reduce domestic violence? Causal evidence from India. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 231(January), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106933
- Bitew, D. A., Asmamaw, D. B., Belachew, T. B., & Negash, W. D. (2023). Magnitude and determinants of women’s participation in household decision making among married women in Ethiopia, 2022: Based on Ethiopian demographic and health survey data. Heliyon, 9(7), e18218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18218
- Bonin, S., Rashed, T., Nair, R., Chaudhary, S., V.R., B., Natarajan, A., & Bhavani, R. (2024). A financial maturity model for the empowerment of women’s saving groups. World Development Perspectives, 34(March), 100573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100573
- Boyle, P., Mitchell, O. S., Mottola, G. R., & Yu, L. (2025). Declining financial and health literacy among older men and women. Journal of the Economics of Ageing, 30(January), 100547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100547
- Castillo, L. S., Ferguson Irlanda, C. E., Aceves-Bueno, E., Froelich, H., Mancilla, C., Rivera, A., & Gaines, S. D. (2025). Aquaculture isn’t always the answer: rethinking blue transitions through justice and community experience. Global Environmental Change, 94(May), 103046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103046
- Chaerul Rizky, M., Anwar, Y., & Ardian, N. (2025). The Gendered Dynamics of the Blue Economy: Women’s Contribution to Sustainable Development in Coastal Communities. International Review of Management and Marketing , 15(3), 150–163. https://doi.org/10.32479/irmm.18167
- Christensen, C. M. (2015). The innovator’s dilemma: when new technologies cause great firms to fail. Harvard Business Review Press.
- Diop, M. (2025). Financial inclusion and women’s empowerment: An application based on data from Senegal. Development and Sustainability in Economics and Finance, 7(March), 100055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsef.2025.100055
- Garcia, M. F., Liu, H. F., Triana, M. del C., & Treviño, L. J. (2025). Support for Sustainable Development Goal 5 and Social Performance: The Role of Diversity Targets, Work‐Life Balance Practices, and Female Representation. Human Resource Management, 64(5), 1457–1479. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.22312
- Ghosh, S., & Vinod, D. (2017). What Constrains Financial Inclusion for Women? Evidence from Indian Micro data. World Development, 92, 60–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.11.011
- Gotoh, R. (2021). The ethics and economics of the capability approach. Springer.
- Gualoto, E. (2023). Female farmers in the Galapagos: An invisible force. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics, 124(2), 115–127. https://doi.org/10.17170/kobra-202311028938
- Gupta, A., Kokas, S., Michaelides, A., & Minetti, R. (2025). Networks and information in credit markets. Journal of Corporate Finance, 94, 102840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2025.102840
- Hlahla, S. (2022). Gender perspectives of the water, energy, land, and food security nexus in sub-Saharan Africa. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.719913
- Huang, Z., Han, J., Xu, Z., & Dai, R. (2025). Digital financial inclusion and urban-rural disparities. International Review of Economics and Finance, 104(August), 104563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2025.104563
- Islam, M. S., Islam, S., Fatema, K., & Khanum, R. (2022). Rural women participation in farm and off-farm activities and household income in Bangladesh. Heliyon, 8(9), e10618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10618
- Iwatsubo, K., Araki, C., & Yamori, N. (2025). Gender gap in financial literacy – numeracy , financial concepts and retirement financial planning. 1(September), 1–8.
- Li, Y., Long, H., & Ouyang, J. (2022). Digital Financial Inclusion, Spatial Spillover, and Household Consumption: Evidence from China. Complexity, 2022(1). https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8240806
- Lundvig Hansen, A., & Lima Santos, L. (2025). The Impact of Geographical Factors on the Banking Sector in El Salvador. International Journal of Financial Studies, 13(2), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs13020110
- Lusardi, A., & Mitchell, O. S. (2014). The economic importance of financial literacy: Theory and evidence. Journal of Economic Literature, 52(1), 5–44. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.52.1.5
- Mabrouk, F., Bousrih, J., Elhaj, M., Binsuwadan, J., & Alofaysan, H. (2023). Empowering Women through Digital Financial Inclusion: Comparative Study before and after COVID-19. Sustainability, 15(12), 9154. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129154
- Mashamba, T., & Gani, S. (2024). Upstarts vs incumbents: the interaction between fintech credit and bank lending in Sub-Saharan Africa. Cogent Economics and Finance, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2024.2375643
- Náñez Alonso, S. L., Jorge-Vazquez, J., Arias, L. G., & del Nogal, N. M. (2024). What Factors Are Limiting Financial Inclusion and Development in Peru? Empirical Evidence. Economies, 12(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12040093
- Ngu, N. H., Tan, N. Q., Non, D. Q., Dinh, N. C., & Nhi, P. T. P. (2023). Unveiling urban households’ livelihood vulnerability to climate change: An intersectional analysis of Hue City, Vietnam. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 19, 100269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2023.100269
- Niankara, I. (2023). Socioeconomic and geospatial determinants of households’ food and non-food consumption dynamics within the West African Economic and Monetary Union. Scientific African, 20, e01724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2023.e01724
- Nisha, N., Nawrin, K., & Bushra, A. (2020). Agent banking and financial inclusion: The case of Bangladesh. International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management, 11(1), 127–141. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJABIM.2020010108
- Osuma, G. (2025). The impact of financial inclusion on poverty reduction and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: A comparative study of digital financial services. Social Sciences and Humanities Open, 11(December 2024), 101263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.101263
- Perry, V. G., & Morris, M. D. (2005). Who Is in Control? The Role of Self‐Perception, Knowledge, and Income in Explaining Consumer Financial Behavior. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 39(2), 299–313. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6606.2005.00016.x
- Sen, A. (1988). Freedom of choice: concept and content. European Economic Review, 32(2–3), 269–294.
- Serena, J. M. (2025). Credit market sentiment, investor monitoring and firms’ international borrowing. Latin American Journal of Central Banking, October 2024, 100174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.latcb.2025.100174
- Shahriar, A. Z. M., Chase, S. R., & Shepherd, D. (2025). Financial inclusion and low-income women’s new venture initiation: A Field experiment. Journal of Business Venturing, 40(5), 106525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2025.106525
- Sholihin, M., & Ratmono, D. (2021). Analisis SEM-PLS dengan WarpPLS 7.0 untuk hubungan nonlinier dalam penelitian sosial dan bisnis. Penerbit Andi.
- Siteneski, A., Gómez Mieles, V. S., Romero Riaño, P. A., Montes Escobar, K., Lapo-Talledo, G. J., Dueñas-Rodriguez, A. V., Palma Cedeño, M. A., Villacis Lascano, Y. C., & Echeverria Zurita, L. O. (2024). High levels of anxiety and depression in women farmers from Ecuador: A cross-section study in Coastal and Highlands regions. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 70(6), 1138–1154. https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640241260017
- Sumarni, S., Wahyuni, N., & Baso, R. (2024). Praktik Literasi Keuangan Berbasis Nilai-Nilai Budaya Suku Kajang. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 4(4), 10321–10334. https://doi.org/10.31004/innovative.v4i4.14414
- Sun, Y. (2025). A study of the impact of digital finance on the economic development of Latin American countries. International Review of Financial Analysis, 107(11), 104587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104587
- Thu Trang, N. T., & Loc, H. H. (2021). Livelihood sustainability of rural households in adapting to environmental changes: An empirical analysis of ecological shrimp aquaculture model in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Environmental Development, 39(February), 100653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2021.100653
- Vélez Santana, A. G., Olivares, B. O., Murillo Lucas, K. D., & Serrano Rodríguez, R. (2024). Sustainability and climate change: gender perspective in the traditional fishing sector in Ecuador. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03398-3
- Verma, R., & Chatterjee, D. (2025). Relative impact of digital and traditional financial inclusion on financial resilience: Evidence from 13 emerging countries. Journal of Economics and Business, 133(January), 106233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconbus.2025.106233
- Wang, Q., Rossignoli, C. M., Dompreh, E. B., Su, J., Griffiths, D., Htoo, K. K., Nway, H. M., Akester, M., & Gasparatos, A. (2024). Diversification strategies have a stabilizing effect for income and food availability during livelihood shocks: Evidence from small-scale aquaculture-agriculture systems in Myanmar during the COVID-19 pandemic. Agricultural Systems, 217(March), 103935. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2024.103935
- Xiao, J. J., & Porto, N. (2017). Financial education and financial satisfaction. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 35(5), 805–817. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-01-2016-0009
- Zheng, M. (2025). Digital finance, financing constraints, and regional trade development. Finance Research Letters, 85(PC), 108037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2025.108037
- Zhu, S., Chen, H., & Tang, Y. (2025). From digital wallets to social dividends: How digital financial inclusion drives household prosocial behavior in China. Economic Modelling, 151(March 2024), 107205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2025.107205
References
Abdullah, Khan, S. M., Pieroni, A., Haq, Z. U., & Ahmad, Z. (2020). Mazri (Nannorrhops ritchiana (Griff) Aitch.): A remarkable source of manufacturing traditional handicrafts, goods and utensils in Pakistan. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 16(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-020-00394-0
Adetoyinbo, A., Asravor, J., Olaleye, S. A., & Owusu, V. (2024). Food quality and supply chain networks in dynamic business environments: evidence from the Nigerian shrimp subsector. British Food Journal, 126(3), 995–1013. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-02-2023-0171
Ahamadou, M., & Agada, D. B. (2023). Adopting FinTech to promote financial inclusion: Evidence from western African economic and monetary union. International Journal of Applied Economics, Finance and Accounting, 17(1), 135–145. https://doi.org/10.33094/ijaefa.v17i1.1090
Anh, N. T., & Thu, L. T. (2025). Impact of financial behavior on savings strategies among the poor in Vietnam. Asian Development Policy Review, 13(2), 190–209. https://doi.org/10.55493/5008.v13i2.5400
Aripin, & Zuhriyah, N. A. (2025). Empowering women through financial literacy and business management skill: Empirical evidence from Indonesia. Social Sciences and Humanities Open, 12(March). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101976
Balasubramnian, B., & Sargent, C. S. (2020). Impact of inflated perceptions of financial literacy on financial decision making. Journal of Economic Psychology, 80(January), 102306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2020.102306
Barrios, A., Camacho, S., & Reficco, E. (2025). Digital technologies for inclusive innovations in humanitarian response. Journal of Business Research, 201(September). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2025.115714
Bhukta, R., Jha, C. K., Joshi, S., & Sedai, A. K. (2025). Does bank expansion reduce domestic violence? Causal evidence from India. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 231(January), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106933
Bitew, D. A., Asmamaw, D. B., Belachew, T. B., & Negash, W. D. (2023). Magnitude and determinants of women’s participation in household decision making among married women in Ethiopia, 2022: Based on Ethiopian demographic and health survey data. Heliyon, 9(7), e18218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18218
Bonin, S., Rashed, T., Nair, R., Chaudhary, S., V.R., B., Natarajan, A., & Bhavani, R. (2024). A financial maturity model for the empowerment of women’s saving groups. World Development Perspectives, 34(March), 100573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100573
Boyle, P., Mitchell, O. S., Mottola, G. R., & Yu, L. (2025). Declining financial and health literacy among older men and women. Journal of the Economics of Ageing, 30(January), 100547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100547
Castillo, L. S., Ferguson Irlanda, C. E., Aceves-Bueno, E., Froelich, H., Mancilla, C., Rivera, A., & Gaines, S. D. (2025). Aquaculture isn’t always the answer: rethinking blue transitions through justice and community experience. Global Environmental Change, 94(May), 103046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103046
Chaerul Rizky, M., Anwar, Y., & Ardian, N. (2025). The Gendered Dynamics of the Blue Economy: Women’s Contribution to Sustainable Development in Coastal Communities. International Review of Management and Marketing , 15(3), 150–163. https://doi.org/10.32479/irmm.18167
Christensen, C. M. (2015). The innovator’s dilemma: when new technologies cause great firms to fail. Harvard Business Review Press.
Diop, M. (2025). Financial inclusion and women’s empowerment: An application based on data from Senegal. Development and Sustainability in Economics and Finance, 7(March), 100055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsef.2025.100055
Garcia, M. F., Liu, H. F., Triana, M. del C., & Treviño, L. J. (2025). Support for Sustainable Development Goal 5 and Social Performance: The Role of Diversity Targets, Work‐Life Balance Practices, and Female Representation. Human Resource Management, 64(5), 1457–1479. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.22312
Ghosh, S., & Vinod, D. (2017). What Constrains Financial Inclusion for Women? Evidence from Indian Micro data. World Development, 92, 60–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.11.011
Gotoh, R. (2021). The ethics and economics of the capability approach. Springer.
Gualoto, E. (2023). Female farmers in the Galapagos: An invisible force. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics, 124(2), 115–127. https://doi.org/10.17170/kobra-202311028938
Gupta, A., Kokas, S., Michaelides, A., & Minetti, R. (2025). Networks and information in credit markets. Journal of Corporate Finance, 94, 102840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2025.102840
Hlahla, S. (2022). Gender perspectives of the water, energy, land, and food security nexus in sub-Saharan Africa. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.719913
Huang, Z., Han, J., Xu, Z., & Dai, R. (2025). Digital financial inclusion and urban-rural disparities. International Review of Economics and Finance, 104(August), 104563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2025.104563
Islam, M. S., Islam, S., Fatema, K., & Khanum, R. (2022). Rural women participation in farm and off-farm activities and household income in Bangladesh. Heliyon, 8(9), e10618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10618
Iwatsubo, K., Araki, C., & Yamori, N. (2025). Gender gap in financial literacy – numeracy , financial concepts and retirement financial planning. 1(September), 1–8.
Li, Y., Long, H., & Ouyang, J. (2022). Digital Financial Inclusion, Spatial Spillover, and Household Consumption: Evidence from China. Complexity, 2022(1). https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8240806
Lundvig Hansen, A., & Lima Santos, L. (2025). The Impact of Geographical Factors on the Banking Sector in El Salvador. International Journal of Financial Studies, 13(2), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs13020110
Lusardi, A., & Mitchell, O. S. (2014). The economic importance of financial literacy: Theory and evidence. Journal of Economic Literature, 52(1), 5–44. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.52.1.5
Mabrouk, F., Bousrih, J., Elhaj, M., Binsuwadan, J., & Alofaysan, H. (2023). Empowering Women through Digital Financial Inclusion: Comparative Study before and after COVID-19. Sustainability, 15(12), 9154. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129154
Mashamba, T., & Gani, S. (2024). Upstarts vs incumbents: the interaction between fintech credit and bank lending in Sub-Saharan Africa. Cogent Economics and Finance, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2024.2375643
Náñez Alonso, S. L., Jorge-Vazquez, J., Arias, L. G., & del Nogal, N. M. (2024). What Factors Are Limiting Financial Inclusion and Development in Peru? Empirical Evidence. Economies, 12(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12040093
Ngu, N. H., Tan, N. Q., Non, D. Q., Dinh, N. C., & Nhi, P. T. P. (2023). Unveiling urban households’ livelihood vulnerability to climate change: An intersectional analysis of Hue City, Vietnam. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 19, 100269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2023.100269
Niankara, I. (2023). Socioeconomic and geospatial determinants of households’ food and non-food consumption dynamics within the West African Economic and Monetary Union. Scientific African, 20, e01724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2023.e01724
Nisha, N., Nawrin, K., & Bushra, A. (2020). Agent banking and financial inclusion: The case of Bangladesh. International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management, 11(1), 127–141. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJABIM.2020010108
Osuma, G. (2025). The impact of financial inclusion on poverty reduction and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: A comparative study of digital financial services. Social Sciences and Humanities Open, 11(December 2024), 101263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.101263
Perry, V. G., & Morris, M. D. (2005). Who Is in Control? The Role of Self‐Perception, Knowledge, and Income in Explaining Consumer Financial Behavior. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 39(2), 299–313. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6606.2005.00016.x
Sen, A. (1988). Freedom of choice: concept and content. European Economic Review, 32(2–3), 269–294.
Serena, J. M. (2025). Credit market sentiment, investor monitoring and firms’ international borrowing. Latin American Journal of Central Banking, October 2024, 100174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.latcb.2025.100174
Shahriar, A. Z. M., Chase, S. R., & Shepherd, D. (2025). Financial inclusion and low-income women’s new venture initiation: A Field experiment. Journal of Business Venturing, 40(5), 106525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2025.106525
Sholihin, M., & Ratmono, D. (2021). Analisis SEM-PLS dengan WarpPLS 7.0 untuk hubungan nonlinier dalam penelitian sosial dan bisnis. Penerbit Andi.
Siteneski, A., Gómez Mieles, V. S., Romero Riaño, P. A., Montes Escobar, K., Lapo-Talledo, G. J., Dueñas-Rodriguez, A. V., Palma Cedeño, M. A., Villacis Lascano, Y. C., & Echeverria Zurita, L. O. (2024). High levels of anxiety and depression in women farmers from Ecuador: A cross-section study in Coastal and Highlands regions. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 70(6), 1138–1154. https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640241260017
Sumarni, S., Wahyuni, N., & Baso, R. (2024). Praktik Literasi Keuangan Berbasis Nilai-Nilai Budaya Suku Kajang. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 4(4), 10321–10334. https://doi.org/10.31004/innovative.v4i4.14414
Sun, Y. (2025). A study of the impact of digital finance on the economic development of Latin American countries. International Review of Financial Analysis, 107(11), 104587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104587
Thu Trang, N. T., & Loc, H. H. (2021). Livelihood sustainability of rural households in adapting to environmental changes: An empirical analysis of ecological shrimp aquaculture model in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Environmental Development, 39(February), 100653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2021.100653
Vélez Santana, A. G., Olivares, B. O., Murillo Lucas, K. D., & Serrano Rodríguez, R. (2024). Sustainability and climate change: gender perspective in the traditional fishing sector in Ecuador. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03398-3
Verma, R., & Chatterjee, D. (2025). Relative impact of digital and traditional financial inclusion on financial resilience: Evidence from 13 emerging countries. Journal of Economics and Business, 133(January), 106233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconbus.2025.106233
Wang, Q., Rossignoli, C. M., Dompreh, E. B., Su, J., Griffiths, D., Htoo, K. K., Nway, H. M., Akester, M., & Gasparatos, A. (2024). Diversification strategies have a stabilizing effect for income and food availability during livelihood shocks: Evidence from small-scale aquaculture-agriculture systems in Myanmar during the COVID-19 pandemic. Agricultural Systems, 217(March), 103935. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2024.103935
Xiao, J. J., & Porto, N. (2017). Financial education and financial satisfaction. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 35(5), 805–817. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-01-2016-0009
Zheng, M. (2025). Digital finance, financing constraints, and regional trade development. Finance Research Letters, 85(PC), 108037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2025.108037
Zhu, S., Chen, H., & Tang, Y. (2025). From digital wallets to social dividends: How digital financial inclusion drives household prosocial behavior in China. Economic Modelling, 151(March 2024), 107205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2025.107205