Main Article Content
Abstract
This research is motivated by the importance of organizational justice and effective leadership in shaping job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in the police environment. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of organizational justice and effective leadership on OCB with job satisfaction as a mediating variable in Sleman Police Traffic Division personnel. The research method used is a quantitative approach with the type of survey research. The research sample amounted to 170 respondents who were members of the Traffic Division of the Sleman Police. The data was collected through the distribution of questionnaires, while the analysis tool used was Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on Partial Least Square (PLS) with the help of SmartPLS software. The results of the study show that organizational fairness has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction and OCB, while effective leadership also has a significant effect on job satisfaction and OCB. In addition, job satisfaction has been shown to be a mediating variable that strengthens the relationship between organizational fairness and effective leadership with OCB. Although the majority of respondents had a positive perception, there are still aspects that need to be improved, especially related to procedural consistency, appreciation from leaders, and members' opportunities to convey ideas and develop careers.
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References
- Abubakar, S. K., & Sanda, M.-A. (2024). The influence of front-line employees' engagement and psychological empowerment on job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior in 1- and 2- star hotels in Ghana. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 23(1), 101–127. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2023.2253681
- AlHammadi, A., & Abu Elanain, H. M. (2024). Enhancing organizational citizenship behavior in a non-western context of the UAE: The role of organizational justice, leadership and psychological empowerment. Journal of Asian Business Studies, 18(3), 666–687. https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-08-2023-0310
- Ansong, A., Owusu, Sylvester Ansah, Ansong, Linda Obeng, & Andoh, R. P. K. (2024). Leader humility and organisational citizenship behaviour: The mediating roles of job satisfaction and employee engagement. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 2358166. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2358166
- Ardi, R. T. B., & Sudarma, K. (2015). The Effect of Perception of Support and Organizational Justice on Organizational Citizenship Behavior with Organizational Commitment as an Intervening Variable. Management Analysis Journal, 4(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.15294/maj.v4i2.7821
- Avolio, B. J., Gardner, W. L., Walumbwa, F. O., Luthans, F., & May, D. R. (2004). Unlocking the mask: A look at the process by which authentic leaders impact follower attitudes and behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 15(6), 801–823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2004.09.003
- Ayalew, B. M., & Walia, N. (2024). Does job satisfaction mediate the nexus between perceived organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior? Empirical evidence from Ethiopian Public Higher Education Institutions. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 2297801. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2297801
- Bass, B. M. (1990). From transactional to transformational leadership: Learning to share the vision. Organizational Dynamics, 18(3), 19–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(90)90061-S
- Beuren, I. M., D, V., & Santos, O. (2024). Organisational justice perception and job satisfaction of professors. International Journal of Business Excellence, 34(4), 494–516. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBEX.2024.143697
- Blau, P. M. (1964). Justice in Social Exchange. Sociological Inquiry, 34(2), 193–206. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.1964.tb00583.x
- Bui, Q. T., Anh Do, V. P., Ly Tran, L., & Nguyen, P. M. (2025). Examining the Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility, Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Job Satisfaction: Evidence from Vietnamese Manufacturing Firms in the Digital Age. Computer Science, 253, 717–726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2025.01.133
- Carr, E. O., Park, N. I., Griggs, J. A., & Coke, S. (2025). Role of gender and age in influencing dentist perceptions of effective leadership capabilities. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 133(2), 498–504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.04.011
- Challa, S., & Dadhabai, S. (2024). The Impact of Organizational Justice on Job Satisfaction: A Computational and Experimental Analysis in Workplace Systems. International Journal of Computational and Experimental Science and Engineering, 10(4), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.22399/ijcesen.787
- Changaranchola, M. N., & Samantara, R. (2024). Organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior: Exploring the mediating role of psychological well-being at work. Rajagiri Management Journal, 18(3), 233–250. https://doi.org/10.1108/RAMJ-07-2023-0199
- Donglong, Z., Taejun, C., Julie, A., & Sanghun, L. (2020). The structural relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior in university faculty in China: The mediating effect of organizational commitment. Asia Pacific Education Review, 21(1), 167–179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-019-09617-w
- Ertemsir, E., Bal, Y., Demirhan, A., & Kökalan, Ö. (2024). The moderating role of workplace spirituality on the effect of organizational justice on job satisfaction. Frontiers in Psychology, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1360913
- Gollagari, R., Birega, T., & Mishra, S. S. (2024). Organizational justice, job satisfaction and academic rank: A moderating mediation study on employee commitment in Ethiopian public universities. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 15(2), 300–317. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJEMS-02-2023-0047
- Gomes, J. F., & Marques, T. M. (2025). The influence of organisational justice on work engagement, organisational commitment, and job satisfaction: A comprehensive study. Journal of General Management, 50(2), 138–149. https://doi.org/10.1177/03063070221140726
- Grego-Planer, D. (2022). The Relationship Between Benevolent Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. European Management Studies, 20(2), 140–155. https://doi.org/10.7172/1644-9584.96.7
- Grøn, C. H., & Jacobsen, C. B. & (2025). Love your neighbour? Management team environment and effective leadership behaviour in public organizations. Public Management Review, 0(0), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2025.2466653
- Ha, T.-S., & Moon, K.-K. (2023). Distributive Justice, Goal Clarity, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Moderating Role of Transactional and Transformational Leadership. Sustainability, 15(9), 7403. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097403
- Halim, J. B., & Yusianto, Y. (2023). The Influence of Leadership, Compensation and Work Environment on Job Satisfaction. Journal of Managerial and Entrepreneurship, 5(3), 668–676. https://doi.org/10.24912/jmk.v5i3.25405
- Hidayat, M., Subiyanto, D., & Kusuma, N. T. (2024). A The Influence of Organizational Culture, Intrinsic Motivation, and Procedural Justice on Organizational Citizenship Behavior CV. Mustika Jaya Engineering in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. Indonesian Journal of Economics, Business, Accounting, and Management (IJEBAM), 2(3), 1–12.
- Huda, R. N., Islam, Q. T., & Iqbal, R. (2024). The effect of organisational justice across firm HR practices on employee job satisfaction and firm performance. International Journal of Work Organisation and Emotion, 15(1), 23–43. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJWOE.2024.136603
- Jabeen, R., Khan, R., Ellahi, A., & Begum, S. (2021). INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL JUSTICE ON JOB PERFORMANCE AND OCB OF EMPLOYEES: PATH THROUGH WORK ENGAGEMENT | Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 9(3), 315–325. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.9332
- Ji, H., Xia, K., Wang, Y., Li, J., Liu, J., He, L., & Pan, X. (2025). Relationship teachers' perception of organizational justice, job burnout and organizational citizenship behavior. BMC Psychology, 13(1), 160. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02422-8
- Jun, K., Hu, Z., & Lee, J. (2024). Unlocking the relationship between authentic leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: The key roles of organizational support and identification. Management Research Review, 48(1), 57–77. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-09-2023-0662
- Kats, L. M., & Bock, C. E. de. (2025). Advice for effective leadership and hitting the ground running as a new group leader. Experimental Hematology, 141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104674
- Li, P., Yin, K., Shi, J., Damen, T. G. E., & Taris, T. W. (2024). Are Bad Leaders Indeed Bad for Employees? A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies Between Destructive Leadership and Employee Outcomes. Journal of Business Ethics, 191(2), 399–413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-023-05449-2
- Mamić, M., Jovanović, T., Galić, S., Jelinčić, I., Mikšić, Š., Lovrić, B., Zirdum, I., Matković, K., Zukanović, G., Radmilović, G., Mendeš, T., Frančina, M., & Vukoja, I. (2024). Influence of Personality Traits and Organizational Justice on Job Satisfaction among Nurses. Behavioral Sciences, 14(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14030235
- Mandal, V., & Pal, D. (2024). Sustainable leadership: Empowering green organizational citizenship behaviour through employee green value in the Indian healthcare sector. Journal of Asian Business Studies, 19(1), 79–102. https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-08-2023-0338
- Nelwan, O. S., Lengkong, V. P. K., Tewal, B., Pratiknj, M. H., Saerang, R. T., Ratag, S. P., Walangitan, H. D., Paat, F. J., & Kawet, R. C. (2024). The Effect of Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Turnover Intention in the Tourism Management and Environmental Sector in Minahasa Regency-North Sulawesi-Indonesia. Journal of Social and Environmental Management, 18(3), e05242–e05242. https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n3-077
- Nguyen-Viet, B., & Chau, T. V. T. (2025). The impact of counterproductive work behavior on organizational citizenship behavior: The moderating role of moral identity and organizational justice. Cogent Business & Management, 12(1), 2444545. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2444545
- Pirrotta, L., Ferrari, A., Cantarelli, P., & Belle, N. (2024). Communication and job satisfaction among public employees: Evidence from large-scale surveys with healthcare professionals. International Journal of Public Sector Management, ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-07-2024-0222
- Putra, A. R., & Sinambela, E. A. (2021). The Influence of Leadership and Work Communication on Lecturer Job Satisfaction. Simki Pedagogia Journal, 4(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.29407/jsp.v4i1.17
- Putri, R. M. A., Fariantin, E., & Wardani, R. (2024). The Influence of Leadership, Work Discipline, and Work Environment on Job Satisfaction of Optik Employees in Cakranegara District. Credible; Scientific Journal of Management, 2(2), 78–87.
- Raziq, M. M., Wazir, R., Memon, M. A., Rice, J. L., & Moazzam, M. (2024). Empowering leadership, employee organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior: The roles of leader authenticity and trust. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 74(1), 81–106. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-09-2023-0489
- Robbins, B. (2020). Transformational leadership in health care today. Health Care Manager, 39(3), 117–121. https://doi.org/10.1097/HCM.0000000000000296
- Rohim, S., Surip, M., Lubis, M. J., & Fardian Gafari, M. O. (2023). Leadership contribution and organizational commitment on the work achievement of the school principals and teachers in high schools in Medan. Cogent Education, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2239595
- Sahar, N. e., Zawawi, D., Jaharuddin, N. S., & Abbasi, M. A. (2023). Responsible leadership and organisational citizenship behaviour for the environment: Mediated by environmental corporate social responsibility. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 41(2), 353–371. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-04-2023-0090
- Samad, A. (2022). Investigating leadership and employee well-being in higher education. Personnel Review, 51(1), 57–76. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-05-2020-0340
- Tran, Q. H. N. (2023). The role of leadership skills in organisational citizenship behaviour at Vietnamese libraries: Organisational culture as a mediator. Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication, 74(1/2), 463–479. https://doi.org/10.1108/GKMC-10-2022-0249
- Vinberg, S. (2023). Do leadership behaviours, work environments and the health of managers in Sweden and outside Sweden differ?—A study of a large international mining company. Mineral Economics, 36(4), 655–666. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13563-023-00375-1
- Westover, J. H. (2024, October 27). What's Draining Your Workplace Energy and Joy? Identifying and Addressing Sources of Unhappiness to Boost Productivity and Morale. HCI Consulting. https://www.innovativehumancapital.com/article/what-s-draining-your-workplace-energy-and-joy-identifying-and-addressing-sources-of-unhappiness-to
- Yamao, S. (2024). 33: Social exchange theory. https://www.elgaronline.com/edcollchap/book/9781035308767/ch35.xml
- Zuo, C., Wongvanichtawee, C., & Chollathanrattanapong, J. (2024). The Effects of the Transformational Leadership Model on Teachers' Organizational Justice and Job Satisfaction in Private Universities in Shandong Province. International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management (IJABIM), 15(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJABIM.341796
References
Abubakar, S. K., & Sanda, M.-A. (2024). The influence of front-line employees' engagement and psychological empowerment on job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior in 1- and 2- star hotels in Ghana. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 23(1), 101–127. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2023.2253681
AlHammadi, A., & Abu Elanain, H. M. (2024). Enhancing organizational citizenship behavior in a non-western context of the UAE: The role of organizational justice, leadership and psychological empowerment. Journal of Asian Business Studies, 18(3), 666–687. https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-08-2023-0310
Ansong, A., Owusu, Sylvester Ansah, Ansong, Linda Obeng, & Andoh, R. P. K. (2024). Leader humility and organisational citizenship behaviour: The mediating roles of job satisfaction and employee engagement. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 2358166. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2358166
Ardi, R. T. B., & Sudarma, K. (2015). The Effect of Perception of Support and Organizational Justice on Organizational Citizenship Behavior with Organizational Commitment as an Intervening Variable. Management Analysis Journal, 4(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.15294/maj.v4i2.7821
Avolio, B. J., Gardner, W. L., Walumbwa, F. O., Luthans, F., & May, D. R. (2004). Unlocking the mask: A look at the process by which authentic leaders impact follower attitudes and behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 15(6), 801–823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2004.09.003
Ayalew, B. M., & Walia, N. (2024). Does job satisfaction mediate the nexus between perceived organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior? Empirical evidence from Ethiopian Public Higher Education Institutions. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 2297801. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2297801
Bass, B. M. (1990). From transactional to transformational leadership: Learning to share the vision. Organizational Dynamics, 18(3), 19–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(90)90061-S
Beuren, I. M., D, V., & Santos, O. (2024). Organisational justice perception and job satisfaction of professors. International Journal of Business Excellence, 34(4), 494–516. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBEX.2024.143697
Blau, P. M. (1964). Justice in Social Exchange. Sociological Inquiry, 34(2), 193–206. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.1964.tb00583.x
Bui, Q. T., Anh Do, V. P., Ly Tran, L., & Nguyen, P. M. (2025). Examining the Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility, Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Job Satisfaction: Evidence from Vietnamese Manufacturing Firms in the Digital Age. Computer Science, 253, 717–726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2025.01.133
Carr, E. O., Park, N. I., Griggs, J. A., & Coke, S. (2025). Role of gender and age in influencing dentist perceptions of effective leadership capabilities. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 133(2), 498–504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.04.011
Challa, S., & Dadhabai, S. (2024). The Impact of Organizational Justice on Job Satisfaction: A Computational and Experimental Analysis in Workplace Systems. International Journal of Computational and Experimental Science and Engineering, 10(4), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.22399/ijcesen.787
Changaranchola, M. N., & Samantara, R. (2024). Organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior: Exploring the mediating role of psychological well-being at work. Rajagiri Management Journal, 18(3), 233–250. https://doi.org/10.1108/RAMJ-07-2023-0199
Donglong, Z., Taejun, C., Julie, A., & Sanghun, L. (2020). The structural relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior in university faculty in China: The mediating effect of organizational commitment. Asia Pacific Education Review, 21(1), 167–179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-019-09617-w
Ertemsir, E., Bal, Y., Demirhan, A., & Kökalan, Ö. (2024). The moderating role of workplace spirituality on the effect of organizational justice on job satisfaction. Frontiers in Psychology, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1360913
Gollagari, R., Birega, T., & Mishra, S. S. (2024). Organizational justice, job satisfaction and academic rank: A moderating mediation study on employee commitment in Ethiopian public universities. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 15(2), 300–317. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJEMS-02-2023-0047
Gomes, J. F., & Marques, T. M. (2025). The influence of organisational justice on work engagement, organisational commitment, and job satisfaction: A comprehensive study. Journal of General Management, 50(2), 138–149. https://doi.org/10.1177/03063070221140726
Grego-Planer, D. (2022). The Relationship Between Benevolent Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. European Management Studies, 20(2), 140–155. https://doi.org/10.7172/1644-9584.96.7
Grøn, C. H., & Jacobsen, C. B. & (2025). Love your neighbour? Management team environment and effective leadership behaviour in public organizations. Public Management Review, 0(0), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2025.2466653
Ha, T.-S., & Moon, K.-K. (2023). Distributive Justice, Goal Clarity, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Moderating Role of Transactional and Transformational Leadership. Sustainability, 15(9), 7403. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097403
Halim, J. B., & Yusianto, Y. (2023). The Influence of Leadership, Compensation and Work Environment on Job Satisfaction. Journal of Managerial and Entrepreneurship, 5(3), 668–676. https://doi.org/10.24912/jmk.v5i3.25405
Hidayat, M., Subiyanto, D., & Kusuma, N. T. (2024). A The Influence of Organizational Culture, Intrinsic Motivation, and Procedural Justice on Organizational Citizenship Behavior CV. Mustika Jaya Engineering in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. Indonesian Journal of Economics, Business, Accounting, and Management (IJEBAM), 2(3), 1–12.
Huda, R. N., Islam, Q. T., & Iqbal, R. (2024). The effect of organisational justice across firm HR practices on employee job satisfaction and firm performance. International Journal of Work Organisation and Emotion, 15(1), 23–43. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJWOE.2024.136603
Jabeen, R., Khan, R., Ellahi, A., & Begum, S. (2021). INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL JUSTICE ON JOB PERFORMANCE AND OCB OF EMPLOYEES: PATH THROUGH WORK ENGAGEMENT | Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 9(3), 315–325. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.9332
Ji, H., Xia, K., Wang, Y., Li, J., Liu, J., He, L., & Pan, X. (2025). Relationship teachers' perception of organizational justice, job burnout and organizational citizenship behavior. BMC Psychology, 13(1), 160. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02422-8
Jun, K., Hu, Z., & Lee, J. (2024). Unlocking the relationship between authentic leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: The key roles of organizational support and identification. Management Research Review, 48(1), 57–77. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-09-2023-0662
Kats, L. M., & Bock, C. E. de. (2025). Advice for effective leadership and hitting the ground running as a new group leader. Experimental Hematology, 141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104674
Li, P., Yin, K., Shi, J., Damen, T. G. E., & Taris, T. W. (2024). Are Bad Leaders Indeed Bad for Employees? A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies Between Destructive Leadership and Employee Outcomes. Journal of Business Ethics, 191(2), 399–413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-023-05449-2
Mamić, M., Jovanović, T., Galić, S., Jelinčić, I., Mikšić, Š., Lovrić, B., Zirdum, I., Matković, K., Zukanović, G., Radmilović, G., Mendeš, T., Frančina, M., & Vukoja, I. (2024). Influence of Personality Traits and Organizational Justice on Job Satisfaction among Nurses. Behavioral Sciences, 14(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14030235
Mandal, V., & Pal, D. (2024). Sustainable leadership: Empowering green organizational citizenship behaviour through employee green value in the Indian healthcare sector. Journal of Asian Business Studies, 19(1), 79–102. https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-08-2023-0338
Nelwan, O. S., Lengkong, V. P. K., Tewal, B., Pratiknj, M. H., Saerang, R. T., Ratag, S. P., Walangitan, H. D., Paat, F. J., & Kawet, R. C. (2024). The Effect of Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Turnover Intention in the Tourism Management and Environmental Sector in Minahasa Regency-North Sulawesi-Indonesia. Journal of Social and Environmental Management, 18(3), e05242–e05242. https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n3-077
Nguyen-Viet, B., & Chau, T. V. T. (2025). The impact of counterproductive work behavior on organizational citizenship behavior: The moderating role of moral identity and organizational justice. Cogent Business & Management, 12(1), 2444545. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2444545
Pirrotta, L., Ferrari, A., Cantarelli, P., & Belle, N. (2024). Communication and job satisfaction among public employees: Evidence from large-scale surveys with healthcare professionals. International Journal of Public Sector Management, ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-07-2024-0222
Putra, A. R., & Sinambela, E. A. (2021). The Influence of Leadership and Work Communication on Lecturer Job Satisfaction. Simki Pedagogia Journal, 4(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.29407/jsp.v4i1.17
Putri, R. M. A., Fariantin, E., & Wardani, R. (2024). The Influence of Leadership, Work Discipline, and Work Environment on Job Satisfaction of Optik Employees in Cakranegara District. Credible; Scientific Journal of Management, 2(2), 78–87.
Raziq, M. M., Wazir, R., Memon, M. A., Rice, J. L., & Moazzam, M. (2024). Empowering leadership, employee organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior: The roles of leader authenticity and trust. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 74(1), 81–106. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-09-2023-0489
Robbins, B. (2020). Transformational leadership in health care today. Health Care Manager, 39(3), 117–121. https://doi.org/10.1097/HCM.0000000000000296
Rohim, S., Surip, M., Lubis, M. J., & Fardian Gafari, M. O. (2023). Leadership contribution and organizational commitment on the work achievement of the school principals and teachers in high schools in Medan. Cogent Education, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2239595
Sahar, N. e., Zawawi, D., Jaharuddin, N. S., & Abbasi, M. A. (2023). Responsible leadership and organisational citizenship behaviour for the environment: Mediated by environmental corporate social responsibility. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 41(2), 353–371. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-04-2023-0090
Samad, A. (2022). Investigating leadership and employee well-being in higher education. Personnel Review, 51(1), 57–76. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-05-2020-0340
Tran, Q. H. N. (2023). The role of leadership skills in organisational citizenship behaviour at Vietnamese libraries: Organisational culture as a mediator. Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication, 74(1/2), 463–479. https://doi.org/10.1108/GKMC-10-2022-0249
Vinberg, S. (2023). Do leadership behaviours, work environments and the health of managers in Sweden and outside Sweden differ?—A study of a large international mining company. Mineral Economics, 36(4), 655–666. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13563-023-00375-1
Westover, J. H. (2024, October 27). What's Draining Your Workplace Energy and Joy? Identifying and Addressing Sources of Unhappiness to Boost Productivity and Morale. HCI Consulting. https://www.innovativehumancapital.com/article/what-s-draining-your-workplace-energy-and-joy-identifying-and-addressing-sources-of-unhappiness-to
Yamao, S. (2024). 33: Social exchange theory. https://www.elgaronline.com/edcollchap/book/9781035308767/ch35.xml
Zuo, C., Wongvanichtawee, C., & Chollathanrattanapong, J. (2024). The Effects of the Transformational Leadership Model on Teachers' Organizational Justice and Job Satisfaction in Private Universities in Shandong Province. International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management (IJABIM), 15(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJABIM.341796