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Abstract
This study aims to develop and apply a Sustainability Balanced Scorecard (SBSC) model as a tool for measuring and evaluating sustainability performance in the cocoa industry of West Sulawesi. The urgency of this research is driven by the significant challenges confronting the cocoa industry, including social (labor exploitation), environmental (deforestation), and economic (supply chain opacity) issues, coupled with the absence of a structured accountability mechanism to objectively measure sustainability strategies. This study employs a mixed-method approach with a case study strategy on two companies representing the industry spectrum: a mission-driven Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise (MSME) and a compliance-driven B2B exporter. Primary data were collected through in-depth interviews, while secondary data were analyzed from company financial reports. The findings reveal that company performance measurement can be centered on an Adaptive SBSC framework that integrates five perspectives: Financial, Customer, Internal Business Process, Learning and Growth, and a combined Environmental and Social perspective. This framework offers a two-tier indicator system (Basic and Advanced Performance Measurement) applicable to companies of varying scales and business models, serving as a flexible strategic management tool. This model contributes practically to actors in the cocoa industry and theoretically enriches the SBSC literature within the agro-industrial context of developing regions.
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References
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- Keller, J., Jung, M., & Lasch, R. (2022). Sustainability Governance: Insights from a Cocoa Supply Chain. Sustainability, 14(17), 10763. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141710763
- Martins, F. P., Batalhão, A. C. S., Ahokas, M., Liboni Amui, L. B., & Cezarino, L. O. (2023). Rethinking sustainability in cocoa supply chain in light of SDG disclosure. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 14(7), 258–286. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAMPJ-03-2022-0132
- Mio, C., Costantini, A., & Panfilo, S. (2022). Performance measurement tools for sustainable business: A systematic literature review on the sustainability balanced scorecard use. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 29(2), 367–384. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2206
- Novitasari, E., Syahrir, N., & Ichsan, H. (2023). Sustainability Balanced Scorecard (SBSC) as A Performance Measurement of Corporate Sustainability. JHSS (Journal of Humanities and Social Studies), 07, 1049–1054. https://doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v7i3.9427
- Swarnapali, R., Student, P., & Le, L. (2018). Corporate Sustainability Reporting and Firm Value: Evidence from A Developing Country. In The International Journal of Organizational Innovation (Vol. 10).
- Vargas-Merino, J. A., & Rios-Lama, C. A. (2023). The Interplay of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): An Overview of Relevant Literature on CSR’s and SDGs. IBIMA Business Review, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.5171/2023.930662
References
Cahyaningrum, A., & Indra Wardana, M. (2024). Development of Green Accounting for Sustainable Monitoring and Reporting in Modern Business. In Ethics and Law Journal: Business and Notary (ELJBN (Vol. 2, Issue 1). http://journals.ldpb.org/index.php/eljbn
da Silva Ferreira, F. S., Fedato, E. T., Neco, M., & Alves, F. S. (2025). Sustainability-Oriented Innovation in the Cocoa Industry: A Case Study in Brazil (pp. 275–283). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-72490-9_27
Dwi Sihwinarti, Andreas James Darmawan, Anita Heptariza, I Made Satrya Ramayu, & Kadek Nonik Erawati. (2024). View of Zero Waste Circular Economy_ Transforming Chocolate Production into Chocolate Jam in Bali. Jurnal Ekonomi, 13(2), 1–14. https://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi
Eifert, A., & Julmi, C. (2022). Challenges and How to Overcome Them in the Formulation and Implementation Process of a Sustainability Balanced Scorecard (SBSC). Sustainability, 14(22), 14816. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142214816
Garcia-Torres, S., Rey-Garcia, M., & Albareda-Vivo, L. (2017). Effective Disclosure in the Fast-Fashion Industry: from Sustainability Reporting to Action. Sustainability, 9(12), 2256. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9122256
Keller, J., Jung, M., & Lasch, R. (2022). Sustainability Governance: Insights from a Cocoa Supply Chain. Sustainability, 14(17), 10763. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141710763
Martins, F. P., Batalhão, A. C. S., Ahokas, M., Liboni Amui, L. B., & Cezarino, L. O. (2023). Rethinking sustainability in cocoa supply chain in light of SDG disclosure. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 14(7), 258–286. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAMPJ-03-2022-0132
Mio, C., Costantini, A., & Panfilo, S. (2022). Performance measurement tools for sustainable business: A systematic literature review on the sustainability balanced scorecard use. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 29(2), 367–384. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2206
Novitasari, E., Syahrir, N., & Ichsan, H. (2023). Sustainability Balanced Scorecard (SBSC) as A Performance Measurement of Corporate Sustainability. JHSS (Journal of Humanities and Social Studies), 07, 1049–1054. https://doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v7i3.9427
Swarnapali, R., Student, P., & Le, L. (2018). Corporate Sustainability Reporting and Firm Value: Evidence from A Developing Country. In The International Journal of Organizational Innovation (Vol. 10).
Vargas-Merino, J. A., & Rios-Lama, C. A. (2023). The Interplay of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): An Overview of Relevant Literature on CSR’s and SDGs. IBIMA Business Review, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.5171/2023.930662