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Abstract
This study aims to analyze the effect of Flexible Working Space on Employee Work Productivity at PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia (Persero) Regional 4. The development of technology and the dynamics of the work environment encourage organizations to implement a more flexible workspace concept to improve work effectiveness and efficiency. The research method used is quantitative with an associative approach. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires to employees and analyzed using simple linear regression. The study results indicate that Flexible Working Space has a positive and significant effect on Employee Work Productivity, with a regression coefficient value of 0.244 and a significance value of 0.000 (<0.05). This indicates that the implementation of flexible workspace can increase employee comfort, independence, and work motivation, which directly impacts productivity. This finding aligns with several previous studies emphasizing flexibility's importance in creating an adaptive and productive work environment. However, work flexibility also needs to be balanced with proper management to avoid the risk of decreasing work coordination and accountability.
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References
- Abdul Rajab, Erwin Lessy, Muhammad Syafruddin, Nurlaely Razak, Muhammad Tafsir (2023). The Influence of Organizational Culture and Compensation on Performance Through Work Motivation. Mirai Management Journal, Vol 8 No.2
- Denison Consulting. (2020). The Denison Organizational Culture Model: Linking Culture to Business Performance. (A report or publication by Denison Consulting, an organizational culture research firm).
- Didit Fachri Rifai, Muhammad Tafsir (2025). Contribution of Individual Characteristics and Work Facilities to Employee Work Productivity. Economics and Digital Business Review. Vol 6 No.1
- Forbes. (2023). The Future Of Work Is Hybrid, Flexible, And Employee-Centric. (Article or report published on the Forbes platform; search for articles on similar topics by leading contributors).
- Gartner. (2021). Future of Work Trends: Top 9 Workforce Trends for 2021. (Access via Gartner’s research database or their public reports).
- Grant, A. M., & Ashford, S. J. (2008). The dynamics of proactivity at work. Research in Organizational Behavior, 28, 3–34. (A classic reference on proactivity and autonomy in the workplace relevant to the context of flexibility).
- Gratton, L., & Johns, K. (2022). The future of work: The new hybrid workplace. MIT Sloan Management Review, 63(2), 1–10. (Relevant articles on collaboration and hybrid work environments).
- Gunawan, D. H., & Kartika, E. (2024). Remote Work and the Role of Organizational Culture in Indonesia's Creative Industry. Jurnal Sosioteknologi, 23(1), 56–67.
- Handayani, S., & Syafitri, R. (2022). Organizational Culture as a Mediator in Flexible Work Setting. Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis, 29(4), 150–160
- Ikram, M. (2023). Facilities and Human Resource Development on Employee Work Productivity at PT. PLN (Persero) Rayon Lakawan in Enrekang Regency. BJRM (Bongaya Journal For Research in Management), 6(1), 1–8.
- Nugroho, A., & Lestari, R. (2023). Digital Transformation and Organizational Culture in Supporting Flexible Work. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen Terapan, 11(2), 77–88.
- Putri, D. A., & Santoso, H. (2023). The Impact of Flexible Working Arrangements on Employee Performance in the Digital Era. Indonesian Journal of Management, 43(2), 112–121
- Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2018). Organizational Behavior. Pearson. (A classic textbook on organizational Behavior that discusses organizational Culture extensively).
- Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2022). Organizational Behavior (19th ed.). Pearson.
- Sari, F. D., Widodo, A., & Pranata, Y. (2023). The Effect of Work-Life Balance and Organizational Culture on Employee Productivity. Journal of Economics and Management, 21(3), 89–100.
- Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442-1465. (Relevant article on employee empowerment and its impact on performance).
- Wijaya, M. A., & Rahman, R. (2023). Flexible Workspaces and Employee Engagement: A Case Study in Jakarta Startups. Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 18(1), 34–45.
References
Abdul Rajab, Erwin Lessy, Muhammad Syafruddin, Nurlaely Razak, Muhammad Tafsir (2023). The Influence of Organizational Culture and Compensation on Performance Through Work Motivation. Mirai Management Journal, Vol 8 No.2
Denison Consulting. (2020). The Denison Organizational Culture Model: Linking Culture to Business Performance. (A report or publication by Denison Consulting, an organizational culture research firm).
Didit Fachri Rifai, Muhammad Tafsir (2025). Contribution of Individual Characteristics and Work Facilities to Employee Work Productivity. Economics and Digital Business Review. Vol 6 No.1
Forbes. (2023). The Future Of Work Is Hybrid, Flexible, And Employee-Centric. (Article or report published on the Forbes platform; search for articles on similar topics by leading contributors).
Gartner. (2021). Future of Work Trends: Top 9 Workforce Trends for 2021. (Access via Gartner’s research database or their public reports).
Grant, A. M., & Ashford, S. J. (2008). The dynamics of proactivity at work. Research in Organizational Behavior, 28, 3–34. (A classic reference on proactivity and autonomy in the workplace relevant to the context of flexibility).
Gratton, L., & Johns, K. (2022). The future of work: The new hybrid workplace. MIT Sloan Management Review, 63(2), 1–10. (Relevant articles on collaboration and hybrid work environments).
Gunawan, D. H., & Kartika, E. (2024). Remote Work and the Role of Organizational Culture in Indonesia's Creative Industry. Jurnal Sosioteknologi, 23(1), 56–67.
Handayani, S., & Syafitri, R. (2022). Organizational Culture as a Mediator in Flexible Work Setting. Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis, 29(4), 150–160
Ikram, M. (2023). Facilities and Human Resource Development on Employee Work Productivity at PT. PLN (Persero) Rayon Lakawan in Enrekang Regency. BJRM (Bongaya Journal For Research in Management), 6(1), 1–8.
Nugroho, A., & Lestari, R. (2023). Digital Transformation and Organizational Culture in Supporting Flexible Work. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen Terapan, 11(2), 77–88.
Putri, D. A., & Santoso, H. (2023). The Impact of Flexible Working Arrangements on Employee Performance in the Digital Era. Indonesian Journal of Management, 43(2), 112–121
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2018). Organizational Behavior. Pearson. (A classic textbook on organizational Behavior that discusses organizational Culture extensively).
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2022). Organizational Behavior (19th ed.). Pearson.
Sari, F. D., Widodo, A., & Pranata, Y. (2023). The Effect of Work-Life Balance and Organizational Culture on Employee Productivity. Journal of Economics and Management, 21(3), 89–100.
Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442-1465. (Relevant article on employee empowerment and its impact on performance).
Wijaya, M. A., & Rahman, R. (2023). Flexible Workspaces and Employee Engagement: A Case Study in Jakarta Startups. Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 18(1), 34–45.