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Abstract
This study aims to analyze the effect of fintech lending on the level of financial inclusion in Indonesia, considering the moderating roles of financial literacy and the Information and Communication Technology Development Index (IPTI). The research applies a mixed methods approach using a convergent parallel design. Quantitative analysis was conducted using panel regression data from 34 provinces in Indonesia for the period 2019-2022, while qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews with fintech lending users in two cities. The findings reveal that fintech lending significantly improves financial inclusion. However, financial literacy has a negative moderating effect on the relationship, suggesting that increased literacy may lead to more selective behavior in adopting fintech services. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating financial literacy and ICT infrastructure considerations into fintech policies to optimize its role in expanding financial inclusion.
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References
- Arner, D. W., Buckley, R. P., & Zetzsche, D. A. (2018). Fintech for Financial Inclusion: A Framework for Digital Financial Transformation. Alliance for Financial Inclusion (AFI) Special Report. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3245287
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- Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications. Inc.
- Demirguc-Kunt, A., Klapper, L., & Singer, D. (2017). Financial Inclusion and Inclusive Growth: A Review of Recent Empirical Evidence. Policy Research Working Paper, World Bank Group, 8040. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8040
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- Ekananda, M. (2016). Analisis Ekonometrika Data Panel: Teori Lengkap dan Pembahasan Menyeluruh Bagi Peneliti Ekonomi, Bisnis, dan Sosial (2nd ed.). Wacana Media.
- Hsiao, C. (2014). Analysis of Panel Data. In Cambridge University Press (Third Edit). Cambridge University Press.
- Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications. Inc.
- Moore, D., Niazi, Z., Rouse, R., & Kramer, B. (2019). Building Resilience through Financial Inclusion: A Review of Existing Evidence and Knowledge Gaps. Financial Inclusion Program: Innovations for Poverty Action, January, 1–13. https://www.poverty-action.org/sites/default/files/publications/Building-Resilience-through-Financial-Inclusion-English.pdf
- Morgan, P. J. (2022). Fintech and Financial Inclusion in Southeast Asia and India. Asian Economic Policy Review, 17(2), 183–208. https://doi.org/10.1111/aepr.12379
- Oliver Wyman. (2017). Accelerating Financial Inclusion in South-East asia with Digital Finance. In Asian Development Bank Report. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/222061/financial-inclusion-se-asia.pdf
- World Bank. (2014). Financial Inclusion. In Global Financial Development Report. https://www.ncaer.org/uploads/news/pdf/news_pdf_file_98.pdf
- Yang, T., & Zhang, X. (2022). FinTech adoption and financial inclusion: Evidence from household consumption in China. Journal of Banking and Finance, 145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2022.106668
References
Arner, D. W., Buckley, R. P., & Zetzsche, D. A. (2018). Fintech for Financial Inclusion: A Framework for Digital Financial Transformation. Alliance for Financial Inclusion (AFI) Special Report. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3245287
Baltagi, B. H. (2005). Econometric Analysis of Panel Data. In John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (3rd ed., Vol. 5, Issue 7). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.3109/00498257509056115
Barajas, A., Beck, T., Belhaj, M., & Naceur, S. Ben. (2020). Financial Inclusion: What Have We Learned So Far? What Do We Have to Learn? IMF Working Paper, 20(157). https://www.imf.org/-/media/Files/Publications/WP/2020/English/wpiea2020157-print-pdf.ashx
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications. Inc.
Demirguc-Kunt, A., Klapper, L., & Singer, D. (2017). Financial Inclusion and Inclusive Growth: A Review of Recent Empirical Evidence. Policy Research Working Paper, World Bank Group, 8040. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8040
Demirgüç-Kunt, A., Klapper, L., Singer, D., & Ansar, S. (2022). The Global Findex Database 2021. In The Global Findex Database 2021. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1897-4
Ekananda, M. (2016). Analisis Ekonometrika Data Panel: Teori Lengkap dan Pembahasan Menyeluruh Bagi Peneliti Ekonomi, Bisnis, dan Sosial (2nd ed.). Wacana Media.
Hsiao, C. (2014). Analysis of Panel Data. In Cambridge University Press (Third Edit). Cambridge University Press.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications. Inc.
Moore, D., Niazi, Z., Rouse, R., & Kramer, B. (2019). Building Resilience through Financial Inclusion: A Review of Existing Evidence and Knowledge Gaps. Financial Inclusion Program: Innovations for Poverty Action, January, 1–13. https://www.poverty-action.org/sites/default/files/publications/Building-Resilience-through-Financial-Inclusion-English.pdf
Morgan, P. J. (2022). Fintech and Financial Inclusion in Southeast Asia and India. Asian Economic Policy Review, 17(2), 183–208. https://doi.org/10.1111/aepr.12379
Oliver Wyman. (2017). Accelerating Financial Inclusion in South-East asia with Digital Finance. In Asian Development Bank Report. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/222061/financial-inclusion-se-asia.pdf
World Bank. (2014). Financial Inclusion. In Global Financial Development Report. https://www.ncaer.org/uploads/news/pdf/news_pdf_file_98.pdf
Yang, T., & Zhang, X. (2022). FinTech adoption and financial inclusion: Evidence from household consumption in China. Journal of Banking and Finance, 145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2022.106668