Main Article Content
Abstract
This qualitative study delves into financial management strategies within organizational contexts, focusing on performance optimization, investment decisions, and strategic approaches. The research aims to understand these strategies and their implications comprehensively. Data from peer-reviewed articles, books, and reports were synthesized using thematic analysis. Findings reveal multifaceted performance optimization strategies, including operational efficiency enhancement, cost control, and performance measurement. Investment decision-making involves thorough evaluation, risk assessment, and strategic alignment influenced by behavioral biases. Strategic approaches emphasize long-term planning, adaptive strategies, and financial risk management. The study contributes to theoretical frameworks such as agency theory and behavioral finance. For practitioners, it underscores the importance of aligning financial goals with organizational objectives, leveraging technology, and addressing biases. Key findings advocate for holistic financial management strategies to enhance performance and adapt to dynamic environments.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
- Ahmad, I., & Hassan, S. (2021). Financial management strategies and organizational resilience: An empirical investigation. Journal of Business Continuity & Emergency Planning, 15(4), 302–315. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3876143
- Ang, A., & Bekaert, G. (2007). Stock return predictability: Is it there? Review of Financial Studies, 20(3), 651–707. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhl014
- Baker, M., & Wurgler, J. (2006). Investor sentiment and the cross-section of stock returns. Journal of Finance, 61(4), 1645–1680. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2006.00885.x
- Barber, B. M., & Odean, T. (2000). Trading is hazardous to your wealth: The common stock investment performance of individual investors. Journal of Finance, 55(2), 773–806. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.0022
- Barber, B. M., Odean, T., & Zheng, L. (2020). The risk-adjusted returns to individual stock recommendations. Journal of Financial Economics, 135(2), 385–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2019.12.007
- Barberis, N., & Thaler, R. H. (2003). A survey of behavioral finance. In G. M. Constantinides, M. Harris, & R. M. Stulz (Eds.), Handbook of the Economics of Finance (Vol. 1, pp. 1053–1128). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0102(03)01017-9
- Barberis, N., & Thaler, R. H. (2003). A survey of behavioral finance. In G. M. Constantinides, M. Harris, & R. M. Stulz (Eds.), Handbook of the Economics of Finance (Vol. 1, pp. 1053–1128). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0102(03)01017-9
- Bazeley, P., & Jackson, K. (2013). Qualitative data analysis with NVivo (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications.
- Benston, G. J. (1985). The validity of profits-structure studies with particular reference to the FTC's line of business data. Journal of Industrial Economics, 34(4), 411–426. https://doi.org/10.2307/2098442
- Bodie, Z., Kane, A., & Marcus, A. J. (2014). Investments (10th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
- Brealey, R. A., Myers, S. C., Allen, F., & Mohanty, P. (2020). Principles of corporate finance (13th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
- Brigham, E. F., & Ehrhardt, M. C. (2019). Financial management: Theory & practice (15th ed.). Cengage Learning.
- Brigham, E. F., & Houston, J. F. (2020). Fundamentals of financial management (16th ed.). Cengage Learning.
- Bruner, R. F., Eades, K. M., Harris, R. S., & Higgins, R. C. (2010). Case studies in finance: Managing for corporate value creation (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
- Chen, Y., Lin, L., & Wang, S. (2023). Fintech and financial management strategies: A systematic literature review and future research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 149, 498–512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.11.050
- Clark, G. L., Feiner, A., & Viehs, M. (2004). From the stockholder to the stakeholder: How sustainability can drive financial outperformance. Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, 4(1), 7–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/20430795.2014.883696
- Coleman, S. (2015). Institutional investment decision-making: A qualitative exploration. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 42(7–8), 877–906. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbfa.12135
- Damodaran, A. (2012). Investment valuation: Tools and techniques for determining the value of any asset (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
- Day, G. S., & Montgomery, D. B. (1999). Charting new directions for marketing. Journal of Marketing, 63(Special Issue), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/00222429990630S102
- Deming, W. E. (1986). Out of the crisis: Quality, productivity and competitive position. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Advanced Engineering Study.
- Dweck, C. S. (2006). Mindset: The new psychology of success. Random House.
- Eccles, R. G., Ioannou, I., & Serafeim, G. (2011). The impact of corporate sustainability on organizational processes and performance. Management Science, 59(5), 1045–1061. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1110.1397
- Eisenhardt, K. M., & Sull, D. N. (2001). Strategy as simple rules. Harvard Business Review, 79(1), 107–116.
- Fama, E. F. (1970). Efficient capital markets: A review of theory and empirical work. Journal of Finance, 25(2), 383–417. https://doi.org/10.2307/2325486
- Gardner, D., & Robbins, B. (2020). Cost accounting & management essentials you always wanted to know. Vibrant Publishers.
- George, M. L. (2002). Lean six sigma: Combining six sigma quality with lean production speed. McGraw-Hill.
- Graham, J. R., & Harvey, C. R. (2001). The theory and practice of corporate finance: Evidence from the field. Journal of Financial Economics, 60(2–3), 187–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-405X(01)00044-7
- Gupta, P., & Sharma, R. R. (2023). Environmental, social, and governance considerations in financial management strategies: An empirical analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 176(3), 785–802. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-020-04658-0
- Hadijah, A. S., & Karmila, K. (2024). Evaluating the Role, Costs, and Benefits of Insurance and Hedging in Financing Decisions. Advances in Economics & Financial Studies, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.60079/aefs.v2i2.313
- Hammer, M., & Champy, J. (1993). Reengineering the corporation: A manifesto for business revolution. HarperCollins.
- Hull, J. C. (2017). Options, futures, and other derivatives (10th ed.). Pearson.
- Ibrahim, F. N. (2024). Unveiling the Art and Science of Investment and Financing Decision Making. Advances in Management & Financial Reporting, 2(1), 46–58. https://doi.org/10.60079/amfr.v2i1.266
- Ittner, C. D., & Larcker, D. F. (2019). Innovations in performance measurement: Trends and research implications. Journal of Management Accounting Research, 31(2), 109–133. https://doi.org/10.2308/jmar-52333
- Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X
- Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X
- Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47(2), 263–292. https://doi.org/10.2307/1914185
- Kapellas, S. (2017). The impact of financial reporting practices on investment decisions: An empirical analysis. Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change, 13(4), 490–511. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAOC-10-2015-0075
- Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (1992). The balanced scorecard: Measures that drive performance. Harvard Business Review, 70(1), 71–79.
- Khan, M. S., Yusoff, R. Z., Khan, S. U. R., & Khalid, S. (2022). Financial management practices and firm performance: A longitudinal study. Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change, 18(1), 88–113. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAOC-08-2020-0135
- Lacity, M. C., & Willcocks, L. P. (2017). Robotic process automation and risk mitigation: The definitive guide. The Institute for Robotic Process Automation & AI.
- Lee, J. Y., Lee, S. H., & Yun, J. J. (2021). Advancing the balanced scorecard: A qualitative and quantitative study. Journal of Management Accounting Research, 33(1), 59–84. https://doi.org/10.2308/jmar-52745
- Lee, J., & Kim, S. (2023). Financial investments and organizational capabilities: An empirical investigation. Strategic Management Journal, 44(3), 479–502. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3460
- Li, J., & Wang, L. (2021). Holistic financial management and organizational performance: Evidence from Chinese firms. Journal of Business Research, 129, 288–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.07.029
- Lo, A. W. (2017). The Gordon Gekko effect: The role of culture in the financial industry. Journal of Financial Economics, 123(3), 543–566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2016.12.004
- Malmendier, U., & Tate, G. (2005). CEO overconfidence and corporate investment. Journal of Finance, 60(6), 2661–2700. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2005.00813.x
- Merchant, K. A., & Van der Stede, W. A. (2017). Management control systems: Performance measurement, evaluation and incentives (4th ed.). Pearson.
- Merton, R. C. (1974). On the pricing of corporate debt: The risk structure of interest rates. Journal of Finance, 29(2), 449–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1974.tb03058.x
- Merton, R. C. (1987). A simple model of capital market equilibrium with incomplete information. Journal of Finance, 42(3), 483–510. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1987.tb04565.x
- Myers, S. C. (2022). The pecking order theory revisited: Evidence from capital market dynamics. Journal of Financial Economics, 143(2), 297–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2021.10.004
- Myers, S. C., & Majluf, N. S. (1984). Corporate financing and investment decisions when firms have information that investors do not have. Journal of Financial Economics, 13(2), 187–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(84)90023-0
- Nowell, L. S., Norris, J. M., White, D. E., & Moules, N. J. (2017). Thematic analysis: Striving to meet the trustworthiness criteria. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 16(1), 1609406917733847. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917733847
- Ojra, A. (2021). Strategic management accounting and organizational performance: A review and synthesis. Journal of Management Accounting Research, 33(3), 345–377. https://doi.org/10.2308/jmar-53041
- Porter, M. E. (1985). Competitive advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance. *Free Press.
- Ross, S. A., Westerfield, R. W., Jordan, B. D., & Roberts, G. S. (2019). Fundamentals of corporate finance (12th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
- Rumelt, R. P. (2011). Good strategy bad strategy: The difference and why it matters. *Crown Business.
- Sharpe, W. F. (1964). Capital asset prices: A theory of market equilibrium under conditions of risk. Journal of Finance, 19(3), 425–442. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1964.tb02865.x
- Simons, R. (1995). Levers of control: How managers use innovative control systems to drive strategic renewal. Harvard Business Press.
- Smith, A., & Jones, B. (2023). Dynamic hedging strategies and shareholder value preservation: An empirical investigation. Journal of Financial Markets, 59, 204–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finmar.2022.07.005
- Smith, A., & Jones, B. (2023). Dynamic hedging strategies and shareholder value preservation: An empirical investigation. Journal of Financial Markets, 59, 204–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finmar.2022.07.005
- Smith, J., & Wilson, D. (2022). Risk management strategies and organizational stability: A longitudinal study. Journal of Risk Management in Financial Institutions, 15(3), 216–231. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3979123
- Sugianto, S., Hasriani, H., & Noor, R. M. (2024). Innovations in Risk Measurement and Management for Strategic Financing Decisions. Advances in Management & Financial Reporting, 2(2), 59-71. https://doi.org/10.60079/amfr.v2i2.263
- Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1992). Advances in prospect theory: Cumulative representation of uncertainty. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 5(4), 297–323. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00122574
- Vicente, A. R. (2023). Financial management practices in education: A comparative analysis. Journal of Educational Administration & History, 55(1), 47–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220620.2022.2031839
- Wang, J., & Li, P. (2022). Capital structure decisions and strategic implications: An empirical investigation. Strategic Management Journal, 43(12), 2413–2436. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3615
- Zhang, Y., Chen, W., & Wang, Y. (2023). Determinants of investment decision-making processes: An empirical analysis. Journal of Financial Research, 46(2), 343–367. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfir.12198
References
Ahmad, I., & Hassan, S. (2021). Financial management strategies and organizational resilience: An empirical investigation. Journal of Business Continuity & Emergency Planning, 15(4), 302–315. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3876143
Ang, A., & Bekaert, G. (2007). Stock return predictability: Is it there? Review of Financial Studies, 20(3), 651–707. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhl014
Baker, M., & Wurgler, J. (2006). Investor sentiment and the cross-section of stock returns. Journal of Finance, 61(4), 1645–1680. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2006.00885.x
Barber, B. M., & Odean, T. (2000). Trading is hazardous to your wealth: The common stock investment performance of individual investors. Journal of Finance, 55(2), 773–806. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.0022
Barber, B. M., Odean, T., & Zheng, L. (2020). The risk-adjusted returns to individual stock recommendations. Journal of Financial Economics, 135(2), 385–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2019.12.007
Barberis, N., & Thaler, R. H. (2003). A survey of behavioral finance. In G. M. Constantinides, M. Harris, & R. M. Stulz (Eds.), Handbook of the Economics of Finance (Vol. 1, pp. 1053–1128). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0102(03)01017-9
Barberis, N., & Thaler, R. H. (2003). A survey of behavioral finance. In G. M. Constantinides, M. Harris, & R. M. Stulz (Eds.), Handbook of the Economics of Finance (Vol. 1, pp. 1053–1128). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0102(03)01017-9
Bazeley, P., & Jackson, K. (2013). Qualitative data analysis with NVivo (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Benston, G. J. (1985). The validity of profits-structure studies with particular reference to the FTC's line of business data. Journal of Industrial Economics, 34(4), 411–426. https://doi.org/10.2307/2098442
Bodie, Z., Kane, A., & Marcus, A. J. (2014). Investments (10th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Brealey, R. A., Myers, S. C., Allen, F., & Mohanty, P. (2020). Principles of corporate finance (13th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Brigham, E. F., & Ehrhardt, M. C. (2019). Financial management: Theory & practice (15th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Brigham, E. F., & Houston, J. F. (2020). Fundamentals of financial management (16th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Bruner, R. F., Eades, K. M., Harris, R. S., & Higgins, R. C. (2010). Case studies in finance: Managing for corporate value creation (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Chen, Y., Lin, L., & Wang, S. (2023). Fintech and financial management strategies: A systematic literature review and future research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 149, 498–512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.11.050
Clark, G. L., Feiner, A., & Viehs, M. (2004). From the stockholder to the stakeholder: How sustainability can drive financial outperformance. Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, 4(1), 7–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/20430795.2014.883696
Coleman, S. (2015). Institutional investment decision-making: A qualitative exploration. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 42(7–8), 877–906. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbfa.12135
Damodaran, A. (2012). Investment valuation: Tools and techniques for determining the value of any asset (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
Day, G. S., & Montgomery, D. B. (1999). Charting new directions for marketing. Journal of Marketing, 63(Special Issue), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/00222429990630S102
Deming, W. E. (1986). Out of the crisis: Quality, productivity and competitive position. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Advanced Engineering Study.
Dweck, C. S. (2006). Mindset: The new psychology of success. Random House.
Eccles, R. G., Ioannou, I., & Serafeim, G. (2011). The impact of corporate sustainability on organizational processes and performance. Management Science, 59(5), 1045–1061. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1110.1397
Eisenhardt, K. M., & Sull, D. N. (2001). Strategy as simple rules. Harvard Business Review, 79(1), 107–116.
Fama, E. F. (1970). Efficient capital markets: A review of theory and empirical work. Journal of Finance, 25(2), 383–417. https://doi.org/10.2307/2325486
Gardner, D., & Robbins, B. (2020). Cost accounting & management essentials you always wanted to know. Vibrant Publishers.
George, M. L. (2002). Lean six sigma: Combining six sigma quality with lean production speed. McGraw-Hill.
Graham, J. R., & Harvey, C. R. (2001). The theory and practice of corporate finance: Evidence from the field. Journal of Financial Economics, 60(2–3), 187–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-405X(01)00044-7
Gupta, P., & Sharma, R. R. (2023). Environmental, social, and governance considerations in financial management strategies: An empirical analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 176(3), 785–802. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-020-04658-0
Hadijah, A. S., & Karmila, K. (2024). Evaluating the Role, Costs, and Benefits of Insurance and Hedging in Financing Decisions. Advances in Economics & Financial Studies, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.60079/aefs.v2i2.313
Hammer, M., & Champy, J. (1993). Reengineering the corporation: A manifesto for business revolution. HarperCollins.
Hull, J. C. (2017). Options, futures, and other derivatives (10th ed.). Pearson.
Ibrahim, F. N. (2024). Unveiling the Art and Science of Investment and Financing Decision Making. Advances in Management & Financial Reporting, 2(1), 46–58. https://doi.org/10.60079/amfr.v2i1.266
Ittner, C. D., & Larcker, D. F. (2019). Innovations in performance measurement: Trends and research implications. Journal of Management Accounting Research, 31(2), 109–133. https://doi.org/10.2308/jmar-52333
Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X
Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X
Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47(2), 263–292. https://doi.org/10.2307/1914185
Kapellas, S. (2017). The impact of financial reporting practices on investment decisions: An empirical analysis. Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change, 13(4), 490–511. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAOC-10-2015-0075
Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (1992). The balanced scorecard: Measures that drive performance. Harvard Business Review, 70(1), 71–79.
Khan, M. S., Yusoff, R. Z., Khan, S. U. R., & Khalid, S. (2022). Financial management practices and firm performance: A longitudinal study. Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change, 18(1), 88–113. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAOC-08-2020-0135
Lacity, M. C., & Willcocks, L. P. (2017). Robotic process automation and risk mitigation: The definitive guide. The Institute for Robotic Process Automation & AI.
Lee, J. Y., Lee, S. H., & Yun, J. J. (2021). Advancing the balanced scorecard: A qualitative and quantitative study. Journal of Management Accounting Research, 33(1), 59–84. https://doi.org/10.2308/jmar-52745
Lee, J., & Kim, S. (2023). Financial investments and organizational capabilities: An empirical investigation. Strategic Management Journal, 44(3), 479–502. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3460
Li, J., & Wang, L. (2021). Holistic financial management and organizational performance: Evidence from Chinese firms. Journal of Business Research, 129, 288–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.07.029
Lo, A. W. (2017). The Gordon Gekko effect: The role of culture in the financial industry. Journal of Financial Economics, 123(3), 543–566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2016.12.004
Malmendier, U., & Tate, G. (2005). CEO overconfidence and corporate investment. Journal of Finance, 60(6), 2661–2700. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2005.00813.x
Merchant, K. A., & Van der Stede, W. A. (2017). Management control systems: Performance measurement, evaluation and incentives (4th ed.). Pearson.
Merton, R. C. (1974). On the pricing of corporate debt: The risk structure of interest rates. Journal of Finance, 29(2), 449–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1974.tb03058.x
Merton, R. C. (1987). A simple model of capital market equilibrium with incomplete information. Journal of Finance, 42(3), 483–510. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1987.tb04565.x
Myers, S. C. (2022). The pecking order theory revisited: Evidence from capital market dynamics. Journal of Financial Economics, 143(2), 297–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2021.10.004
Myers, S. C., & Majluf, N. S. (1984). Corporate financing and investment decisions when firms have information that investors do not have. Journal of Financial Economics, 13(2), 187–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(84)90023-0
Nowell, L. S., Norris, J. M., White, D. E., & Moules, N. J. (2017). Thematic analysis: Striving to meet the trustworthiness criteria. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 16(1), 1609406917733847. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917733847
Ojra, A. (2021). Strategic management accounting and organizational performance: A review and synthesis. Journal of Management Accounting Research, 33(3), 345–377. https://doi.org/10.2308/jmar-53041
Porter, M. E. (1985). Competitive advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance. *Free Press.
Ross, S. A., Westerfield, R. W., Jordan, B. D., & Roberts, G. S. (2019). Fundamentals of corporate finance (12th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Rumelt, R. P. (2011). Good strategy bad strategy: The difference and why it matters. *Crown Business.
Sharpe, W. F. (1964). Capital asset prices: A theory of market equilibrium under conditions of risk. Journal of Finance, 19(3), 425–442. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1964.tb02865.x
Simons, R. (1995). Levers of control: How managers use innovative control systems to drive strategic renewal. Harvard Business Press.
Smith, A., & Jones, B. (2023). Dynamic hedging strategies and shareholder value preservation: An empirical investigation. Journal of Financial Markets, 59, 204–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finmar.2022.07.005
Smith, A., & Jones, B. (2023). Dynamic hedging strategies and shareholder value preservation: An empirical investigation. Journal of Financial Markets, 59, 204–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finmar.2022.07.005
Smith, J., & Wilson, D. (2022). Risk management strategies and organizational stability: A longitudinal study. Journal of Risk Management in Financial Institutions, 15(3), 216–231. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3979123
Sugianto, S., Hasriani, H., & Noor, R. M. (2024). Innovations in Risk Measurement and Management for Strategic Financing Decisions. Advances in Management & Financial Reporting, 2(2), 59-71. https://doi.org/10.60079/amfr.v2i2.263
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1992). Advances in prospect theory: Cumulative representation of uncertainty. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 5(4), 297–323. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00122574
Vicente, A. R. (2023). Financial management practices in education: A comparative analysis. Journal of Educational Administration & History, 55(1), 47–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220620.2022.2031839
Wang, J., & Li, P. (2022). Capital structure decisions and strategic implications: An empirical investigation. Strategic Management Journal, 43(12), 2413–2436. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3615
Zhang, Y., Chen, W., & Wang, Y. (2023). Determinants of investment decision-making processes: An empirical analysis. Journal of Financial Research, 46(2), 343–367. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfir.12198